. 2017 Sep 8;12(9):e0184298. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184298

Table 3. Modified EPA’s estimates of the risk per WLM and the EF.

Gender	Smoking Category	Risk per WLM (10⁻⁴) (95% CI)					Etiologic Fraction (95% CI)
		EPA’s estimate	Multiplicative model		Additive model		EPA’s estimate	Multiplicative model		Additive model
		EPA’s estimate	Lower limit	Upper limit	Lower limit	Upper limit	EPA’s estimate	Lower limit	Upper limit	Lower limit	Upper limit
Male	ES	10.60	7.82 (7.19, 8.56)	9.12 (8.75, 9.64)	8.85 (8.58, 9.28)	9.69 (9.45, 10.03)	0.129	0.095 (0.088, 0.104)	0.111 (0.106, 0.117)	0.108 (0.104, 0.113)	0.118 (0.115, 0.122)
	NS	1.74	1.28 (1.18, 1.41)	1.50 (1.44, 1.58)	1.45 (1.41, 1.52)	1.59 (1.55, 1.65)	0.279	0.206 (0.189, 0.225)	0.240 (0.230, 0.254)	0.233 (0.226, 0.244)	0.255 (0.249, 0.264)
	ES & NS	6.40	4.72 (4.34, 5.17)	5.51 (5.28, 5.82)	5.34 (5.18, 5.6)	5.85 (5.70, 6.05)	0.136	0.100 (0.092, 0.110)	0.117 (0.112, 0.124)	0.114 (0.110, 0.119)	0.124 (0.121, 0.129)
Female	ES	8.51	6.28 (5.78, 6.87)	7.32 (7.02, 7.74)	7.11 (6.89, 7.45)	7.78 (7.58, 8.05)	0.116	0.086 (0.079, 0.094)	0.100 (0.096, 0.105)	0.097 (0.094, 0.102)	0.106 (0.103, 0.110)
	NS	1.61	1.19 (1.09, 1.3)	1.39 (1.33, 1.46)	1.34 (1.3, 1.41)	1.47 (1.43, 1.52)	0.252	0.186 (0.171, 0.204)	0.217 (0.208, 0.229)	0.210 (0.204, 0.221)	0.230 (0.225, 0.238)
	ES & NS	4.39	3.24 (2.98, 3.55)	3.78 (3.62, 3.99)	3.67 (3.55, 3.84)	4.01 (3.91, 4.15)	0.131	0.097 (0.089, 0.106)	0.113 (0.108, 0.119)	0.109 (0.106, 0.115)	0.120 (0.117, 0.124)
Population	ES	9.68	7.14 (6.57, 7.82)	8.33 (7.99, 8.80)	8.08 (7.84, 8.47)	8.84 (8.63, 9.16)	0.124	0.092 (0.084, 0.100)	0.107 (0.102, 0.113)	0.104 (0.100, 0.109)	0.113 (0.110, 0.117)
	NS	1.67	1.23 (1.13, 1.35)	1.44 (1.38, 1.52)	1.39 (1.35, 1.46)	1.53 (1.49, 1.58)	0.263	0.194 (0.179, 0.212)	0.226 (0.217, 0.239)	0.220 (0.213, 0.230)	0.240 (0.234, 0.249)
	ES & NS	5.38	3.97 (3.65, 4.35)	4.63 (4.44, 4.89)	4.49 (4.36, 4.71)	4.92 (4.79, 5.09)	0.134	0.099 (0.091, 0.108)	0.115 (0.111, 0.122)	0.112 (0.108, 0.117)	0.122 (0.119, 0.127)