Table 7. Comparison of reference range values of clinical chemistry parameters of the present study with other studies in African and western countries.
| Parameters | Sex | Present study | Nigeria | Kenya | Tanzania | Southern Ghana | Middle Ghana | Botswana | USA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT (U/L) | Combined | 18.0(6.0–43.0) | NA | 9.6–52 | 8–48 | NA | 7.0–51 | 17.48(7.0–46) | 0.0–35.0 |
| Male | 20.0(6.0–44.6) | 17.3–48.4 | 10.8–53.9 | 9–55 | 12–53 | 8.0–54 | 19.94(8–53) | 0.0–35.0 | |
| Female | 16.1(3.0–30.0) | 19–38 | 8.6–47 | 7–45 | 10–39 | 6.0–51 | 14.25(7–33) | 0.0–35.0 | |
| AST (U/L) | Combined | 21.7(9.0–38.0) | NA | 13.8–42.3 | 14–48 | NA | 14–51 | 21.55(13.0–42.0) | 0.0–35.0 |
| Male | 24.1(10.5–39.0) | 26.0–49.4 | 14.9–45.3 | 15–53 | 19–65 | 17–60 | 23.8(14–48) | 0.0–35.0 | |
| Female | 19.4(6.0–32.1) | 22–58.4 | 13.1–38.1 | 14–35 | 16–47 | 13–48 | 18.57(12–31) | 0.0–35.0 | |
| ALP (U/L) | Combined | 160.9(52.4–237.0) | NA | NA | 46–158 | NA | 85–242 | NA | 30.0–120.0 |
| Male | 166.4(55.3–237.2) | NA | NA | 45–170 | 124–479 | 101–353 | NA | 30.0–120.0 | |
| Female | 156.4(49.0–236.0) | NA | NA | 45–155 | 98–316 | 82–293 | NA | 30.0–120.0 | |
| Amylase (U/L) | Combined | 139.9(48.0–188.8) | NA | 38.3–163.0 | 43–164 | NA | 32–139 | 96.11(47.0–76.0) | 60–180 |
| Male | 140.8(45.3–190.0) | 52.0–127.5 | 40–171.3 | 50–180 | NA | NA | 99.99(49–181) | NA | |
| Female | 136.2(48.0–187.9) | 55–122.4 | 36–147.8 | 42–160.4 | NA | NA | 90.99(46–162) | NA | |
| LDH (U/L) | Combined | 323.6(145.0–403.0) | NA | 126.0–263.9 | 127–264 | NA | 223–681 | NA | 100–190 |
| Male | 331.0(146.1–402.0) | NA | NA | 125–268 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Female | 315.3(137.7–405.1) | NA | NA | 128–264 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | Combined | 62.2(20.4–107.7) | NA | NA | 42–90.0 | NA | NA | 44.2–97.24 | 0.0–133 |
| Male | 66.7(17.4–114.0) | 85.8(76.3–111.1) | 77 (62–106.0) | 48.0–96.0 | 81.0–141.0 | 56–119 | 53.04–97.24 | 0.0–133 | |
| Female | 57.8(21.7–95.7) | 79.3(63.0–117.8) | 66(51–91) | 40.0–81.0 | 70.0–121.0 | 47.0–110 | 44.2–70.7 | 0.0–133 | |
| Total Protein (g/l) | Combined | 69.1(53.0–86.1) | NA | 66.0–86.5 | NA | 51.0–87.0 | NA | 55.0–80.0 | |
| Male | 70.2(53.0–86.7) | NA | NA | 67.2–85.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Female | 70.1(53.2–86.0) | NA | NA | 65.8–85.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Total Bilirubin (μmol/l) | Combined | 17.6(4.4–37.6) | NA | 4.9–39.9 | 5.2–41.0 | 1.7–27.0 | 2.9–25.8 | 3.42–30.8 | 5.1–17.0 |
| Male | 18.5(4.7–37.6) | 6.8 (3.4–17.1) | 12.2(5.6–42.9) | 6.0–42.0 | NA | NA | 5.13–35.91 | NA | |
| Female | 17.7(3.6–37.6) | 2.3 (0.3–10.6) | 9.6(4.4–26.8) | 4.5–31.3 | NA | NA | 3.42–22.23 | NA | |
| Direct Bilirubin (μmol/l) | Combined | 4.6(0.2–13.7) | NA | 1.1–8.8 | 0.7–8.2 | 3.4–10.3 | 0.8–4.0 | 1.7–6.84 | 1.7–5.1 |
| Male | 5.3(0.4–14.3) | NA | NA | 0.93–8.43 | NA | NA | 1.7–8.6 | NA | |
| Female | 3.9(0.2–12.2) | NA | NA | 0.7–5.83 | NA | NA | 0.0–5.13 | NA |