Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2017 Sep;70(3):129–141. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000483

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Summary diagram depicting the current understanding of GRK3 regulation and function in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. 1) GRK3 may regulate cardiac growth and hypertrophy, since cardiac overexpression potently inhibits endothelin and α1AR signaling, whereas GRK3ct expression enhances these signaling pathways and cardiac systolic function. (2) GRK3 does not contribute to the regulation of cardiac M2 receptors; however, GRK3 homozygous KO mice exhibit an increase in cholinergic airway responsiveness by an undetermined mechanism. (3) GRK3 KO enhances HR recovery from muscarinic acetylcholine-induced bradycardia independent of GPCR signaling, thus GRK3 may play a role in desensitization of the baroreceptor reflex response downstream of MAPK signaling or regulate the chronotropic component by altering activation of adrenergic neurons in this reflex pathway.