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. 2017 Sep 8;7:10994. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11011-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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p-bit emulated using Arduino microcontroller. Eq. (1) is emulated using the Arduino mini pro microcontroller as detailed in Algorithm 1. The microcontroller shown in the inset of (b) has dedicated analog input and digital output pins. The time evolution of the output voltages of p-bits is shown in (a) using a Tektronix DPO7104 oscilloscope. The p-bits produce more 1’s than 0’s as the input voltage is increased, demonstrating the tunable nature of the p-bit. Each of the red markers shown in (b) is a DC average measurement taken for a 100 second interval of the output voltage for a given input voltage. The average output voltages follows the sigmoidal function of Eq. (4).