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. 2017 Sep 8;7:10972. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11592-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of the impact of the differences between fresh mulberry leaves and the artificial diet on silkworm development and vitality. (a) The percentage of setae dispersion (PST) after feeding for 48 h for newly hatched larvae. (b) The setae of scattered larvae (SL) and the setae of unscattered larvae (USL). The bodies of newly-hatched silkworm larvae are black. The larval body is light in color after silkworms eat mulberry leaves or the artificial diet for more than 48 h. Meanwhile, the bulging setae tubercle on the cuticle will flatten. If the larvae cannot eat normally, their growth will be retarded and the bulged setae tubercle on the cuticle will not flatten. The bar = 200 µm. Change of body weight of (c) female and (d) male fifth-instar larvae (n = 30). V0–V7, day 1 to day 7 of the fifth instar. (e) The cocoon shell rate (CSR) (n = 30). (f) The survival rate of the fifth-instar larvae to emergence (n = 90). Hi and Lo indicate strains that exhibited high or low ingestion of the artificial diet, respectively. Meanwhile, M and A indicate the larvae reared on fresh mulberry leaves or artificial diet, respectively. ♂, male; ♀, female. Samples marked with the same letter did not differ significantly from each other, P > 0.01 (n = 100 newly hatched larvae, replicated six times) in Fig. 1a. An *indicates that the difference between the two groups reached the significance level of P < 0.01 (n = 30) in Fig. 1c,d, and e.