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. 2017 Sep 9;24:71. doi: 10.1186/s12929-017-0377-1

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 11 — mild TBI mice demonstrate a deficit in visual memory compared with control uninjured (Sham) animals (**p < 0.01), in which (−)-Phen administration significantly ameliorated (at both doses **p < 0.01 vs. mTBI alone) [58]. A washout period of 2 days before cognitive evaluation ensured no confound in relation to any direct action to improve cognition. These data are thus interpreted as evidence for an effect of Phen against post injury pathology allowing reduced cognitive deficits in (−)-Phen treated animals (mTBI: mild TBI, Phen: (−)-Phen)