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. 2017 Sep 8;3:16. doi: 10.1186/s40851-017-0076-5

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Monochamus alternatus attached to different substrates at different positions: horizontal (a, d, e), vertical, upwards (b), and ceiling (c, f). a, c. Glass plate. b. Glass rod. d, f. Pine twigs (bark). e. Pine needles (leaves). g. A female clamps a bulk of several needles shaping some larger rod-shaped structure between their legs. h. A male grasping a female during copulation. Tarsi of fore- and middle legs adhere to the elytra, while the hind legs keep in contact with the substrate, but not with female’s body