Table 1. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the respondents (18 years and above) included in WHO-SAGE 2007–2010 by country.
| Characteristics | China [n=15048] | India [n=12198] | Mexico [n=2725] | Russia [n=4946] | South Africa [n=4227] | Ghana [n=5571] | Pooled countries [n=44715] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI status | |||||||
| Normal (18–24.9kg/m2) | 62.6[8744] | 51.4[5610] | 25.8[626] | 25.2[979] | 26.0[1039] | 56.9[2827] | 49.4[19825] |
| Underweight (<18.5kg/m2) | 4.6[638] | 34.8[3795] | 0.9[21] | 1.0[40] | 3.9[155] | 14.1[698] | 13.3[5347] |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9kg/m2) | 27.4[3823] | 10.8[1174] | 40.7[986] | 41.0[1594] | 27.7[1106] | 19.0[945] | 24.0[9628] |
| Obese (≥30kg/m2) | 5.5[767] | 3.1[336] | 32.5[787] | 32.9[1279] | 42.5[1700] | 10.0[499] | 13.4[5368] |
| Mean BMI [±SD] | 23.9[±4.9] | 20.8[±8.0] | 28.4[±5.4] | 28.6[±6.3] | 30.5[±12.0] | 23.4[±6.] | 24.4[±7.3] |
| Number of cases | 13972 | 10915 | 2420 | 3892 | 4000 | 4969 | 40168 |
| Age | |||||||
| 18–29 | 1.4[217] | 15.0[1823] | 2.1[57] | 2.0[98] | 2.4[103] | 2.5[139] | 5.5[2437] |
| 30–39 | 3.4[511] | 14.3[1745] | 6.4[175] | 3.0[147] | 3.0[127] | 5.7[316] | 6.8[3021] |
| 40–49 | 6.1[913] | 12.1[1480] | 7.1[192] | 3.5[172] | 3.7[155] | 6.9[384] | 7.4[3296] |
| 50–59 | 38.6[5806] | 26.1[3179] | 15.9[432] | 29.8[1473] | 40.1[1695] | 33.8[1883] | 32.4[14468] |
| 60–69 | 26.4[3968] | 20.1[2456] | 34.0[927] | 21.7[1071] | 29.2[1232] | 23.4[1305] | 24.5[10959] |
| 70+ | 24.1[3633] | 12.4[1515] | 34.6[942] | 40.1[1985] | 21.7[915] | 27.7[1544] | 23.6[10534] |
| Mean age [sd] | 60.3[±11.8] | 50.0[±16.4] | 63.1[±14.0] | 62.0[±12.9] | 60.3[±12.2] | 60.0[±14.0] | 57.8[±14.6] |
| Number of cases | 15048 | 12198 | 2725 | 4946 | 4227 | 5571 | 44715 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 48.1[7181] | 38.7[4717] | 38.2[1041] | 37.8[1867] | 42.6[1798] | 51.3[2851] | 44.0[18414 |
| Female | 51.9[7749] | 61.3[7481] | 61.8[1684] | 62.2[3067] | 57.4[2427] | 48.8[2712] | 56.0[23436] |
| Number of cases | 14930 | 12198 | 2725 | 4934 | 4225 | 5563 | 41850 |
| Place of residence | |||||||
| Urban | 49.0[7376] | 25.7[3132] | 73.7[2007] | 75.0[3709] | 66.6[2810] | 40.9[2280] | 47.7[21314 |
| Rural | 51.0[7672] | 74.3[9066] | 26.4[718] | 25.0[1237] | 33.4[1411] | 59.1[3289] | 52.3[23393] |
| Number of cases | 15048 | 12198 | 2725 | 4946 | 4221 | 5569 | 44707 |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 82.9[12366] | 77.5[9456] | 58.7[1533] | 56.8[2797] | 47.4[1965] | 59.8[3308] | 71.7[29892] |
| Not married | 2.2[323] | 5.7[689] | 9.5[249] | 4.0[196] | 15.7[652] | 2.9[159] | 4.8[2019] |
| Others | 39.2[1933] | 16.8[2051] | 31.8[831] | 39.2[1933] | 36.9[1531] | 37.3[2062] | 23.5[9799] |
| Number of cases | 4926 | 12196 | 2613 | 4926 | 4148 | 5529 | 41710 |
| Education | |||||||
| No education | 24.1[3629] | 45.2[5080] | 17.0[444] | 1.0[44] | 25.6[904] | 51.0[2606] | 30.3[12707] |
| Primary school or less | 35.6[5358] | 25.8[2894] | 59.5[1555] | 9.0[392] | 46.5[1642] | 22.9[1170] | 31.1[13011[ |
| Secondary school | 35.1[5275] | 23.1[2592] | 14.4[377] | 69.9[3042] | 22.5[795] | 22.4[1145] | 31.6[13226] |
| Tertiary or higher | 5.2[786] | 5.9[664] | 9.1[237] | 20.1[876] | 5.5[193] | 3.6[185] | 7.0[2941] |
| Number of cases | 15048 | 11230 | 613 | 4354 | 3534 | 5106 | 41885 |
| Occupation | |||||||
| Public sector | 41.8[5343] | 9.7[714] | 14.9[219] | 86.2[3636] | 16.4[562] | 9.4[469] | 31.9[10943] |
| Private sector | 11.5[1466] | 12.6[931] | 29.8[437] | 9.9[416] | 55.4[1903] | 4.2[207] | 15.6[5360] |
| Self-employment | 43.7[5592] | 45.7[3374] | 33.6[493] | 2.5[106] | 4.3[149] | 79.5[3966] | 40.0[13680] |
| Informal sector | 3.0[385] | 32.1[2372] | 21.8[320] | 1.5[61] | 24.9[823] | 7.0[347] | 12.6[4308] |
| Number of cases | 12786 | 7391 | 1469 | 4219 | 3437 | 4989 | 34291 |
| Household wealth | |||||||
| Q1 (Lowest) | 19.1[2851] | 20.7[563] | 17.4[2114] | 17.3[856] | 19.4[814] | 19.5[1081] | 18.6[8279] |
| Q2 | 19.8[2960] | 20.3[553] | 19.1[2317] | 19.2[946] | 19.6[824] | 19.8[1100] | 19.6[8700] |
| Q3 | 20.1[2992] | 18.8[511] | 19.2[2323] | 20.1[992] | 19.0[798] | 19.9[1104] | 19.6[8720] |
| Q4 | 20.7[3088] | 20.5[559] | 21.1[2551] | 20.7[1024] | 20.7[871] | 20.3[1126] | 20.7[9219] |
| Q5 (Highest) | 20.5[3058] | 19.7[535] | 23.2[2815] | 22.7[1122] | 21.3[896] | 20.7[1148] | 21.5[9574] |
| Number of cases | 14949 | 2721 | 12120 | 4940 | 4203 | 5559 | 44492 |
| Current tobacco smoking | |||||||
| Never | 17.4[837] | 8.3[391] | 50.2[492] | 37.8[507] | 24.0[339] | 50.6[11.3] | 22.0[3189] |
| Occasionally | 7.7[368] | 6.1[286] | 18.3[179] | 6.1[82] | 11.8[167] | 11.3[139] | 8.4[1221] |
| Daily | 74.9[3594] | 85.6[4038] | 31.5[309] | 56.1[753] | 64.1[905] | 38.2[470] | 69.5[10069] |
| Number of cases | 4799 | 4715 | 980 | 1342 | 1411 | 1232 | 14479 |
| Ever alcohol intake | |||||||
| No | 69.0[10062] | 87.0[9767] | 51.3[1341] | 25.3[1092] | 72.8[2929] | 41.3[2102] | 65.2[27293] |
| Yes | 31.0[4513] | 13.0[1457] | 48.7[1272] | 74.7[3217] | 27.2[1096] | 58.7[2987] | 34.8[14542] |
| Number of cases | 14575 | 11224 | 2613 | 4309 | 4025 | 5089 | 41835 |
| Fruits or vegetable intake | |||||||
| No or insufficient (<5 servings/day) | 11.2[1581] | 87.5[9816] | 76.2[1969] | 72.0[2688] | 71.7[2874] | 67.0[3385] | 54.7[22313 |
| Sufficient (>5 servings/day) | 88.8[12585] | 12.5[1406] | 23.8[615] | 28.1[1048] | 28.3[1135] | 33.0[1664] | 45.3[18453] |
| 14160 | 11222 | 2584 | 3736 | 4009 | 5049 | 40766 | |
| Chronic conditions | |||||||
| Hypertension (BP≥140/90mm/Hg) | 28.6[4297] | 17.0[2069] | 33.4[873] | 40.3[1993] | 46.2[1951] | 37.4[2081] | 33.8[15116] |
| Diabetes | 6.0[869] | 4.9[550] | 18.1[474] | 8.3[357] | 9.2[370] | 3.5[177] | 6.7[2797] |
| Stroke | 3.1[456] | 1.5[171] | 4.3[112] | 5.6[239] | 3.6[144] | 2.4[120] | 3.0[1242] |
| Angina pectoris | 6.7[1001] | 5.5[667] | 2.6[72] | 25.8[1277] | 4.9[205] | 3.2[176] | 7.6[3398] |
| Arthritis | 17.9[2693] | 16.7[2033] | 13.5[367] | 30.4[1505] | 23.1[975] | 19.3[1075] | 19.3[8648] |
| Asthma | 4.1[613] | 7.5[910] | 4.0[110] | 6.2[308] | 5.8[246] | 3.2[178] | 5.3[2365] |
| Chronic lung disease | 8.7[1314] | 11.0[1336] | 12.4[337] | 17.6[872] | 6.1[256] | 2.8[158] | 9.6[4273] |
| Depression | 2.0[299] | 13.0[1570] | 12.8[349] | 6.4[316] | 4.7[197] | 7.7[428] | 7.1[3159] |
| Low visual acuity | 12.6[1896] | 14.1[1715] | 20.3[553] | 15.8[783] | 16.8[711] | 13.9[776] | 14.4[6434] |
| Health insurance status | |||||||
| Without insurance | 13.0[1935] | 95.9[11697] | – | 0.5[24] | 81.4[3410] | 63.5[3533] | 49.3[20599] |
| With insurance | 87.0[12987] | 4.1[501] | – | 99.5[4898] | 18.6[780] | 36.5[2029] | 50.7[21195] |
| Number of cases | 14922 | 12198 | 4922 | 4190 | 5562 | 41794 |