Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Language and Social Background Items
| Variable | Mean | Standard Deviation | Observed Minimum Value | Observed Maximum Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language Used with Grandparents | 1.78 | 1.84 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used in Infancy | 1.7 | 1.72 | 0 | 4 |
| Code Switching With Family | 1.61 | 1.44 | 0 | 4 |
| English Understanding Proficiency | 95.06 | 10.24 | 0 | 100 |
| Non-English Language Speaking Proficiency | 42.96 | 40.89 | 0 | 100 |
| Language Used with Other Relatives | 1.54 | 1.62 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used in Preschool | 1.52 | 1.58 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used with Parents | 1.5 | 1.62 | 0 | 4 |
| Non-English Language Listening Frequency | 1.3 | 1.36 | 0 | 4 |
| Non-English Language Speaking Frequency | 1.13 | 1.27 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used at Home | 1.3 | 1.45 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used in Primary School | 1.2 | 1.13 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Religious Activities | 1.18 | 1.46 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used with Siblings | 0.83 | 1.22 | 0 | 4 |
| English Listening Frequency | 3.55 | 0.65 | 1 | 4 |
| Language used for Praying | 0.99 | 1.42 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used in High School | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0 | 4 |
| English Speaking Frequency | 3.57 | 0.67 | 1 | 4 |
| Language used at Work | 0.21 | 0.53 | 0 | 3 |
| Language used at School | 0.18 | 0.46 | 0 | 3 |
| Language used for Health Care, Banks, Government Services | 0.16 | 0.56 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Shopping, Restaurants, Commercial Services | 0.25 | 0.59 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Social Activities | 0.44 | 0.77 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Emailing | 0.2 | 0.46 | 0 | 3 |
| Language Used with Friends | 0.5 | 0.81 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Extra Curricular Activities | 0.33 | 0.67 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used with Roommates | 0.25 | 0.79 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Texting | 0.43 | 0.74 | 0 | 3 |
| Language used on Social Media | 0.38 | 0.73 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for watching Movies | 0.46 | 0.74 | 0 | 3 |
| Language used for Browsing the Internet | 0.33 | 0.7 | 0 | 4 |
| Code Switching on Social Media | 0.84 | 1.2 | 0 | 4 |
| Language Used with Neighbours | 0.24 | 0.69 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for watching TV/Listening to radio | 0.51 | 0.86 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Writing Lists | 0.27 | 0.73 | 0 | 4 |
| Language used for Reading | 0.34 | 0.63 | 0 | 3 |
| Language Used with Partner | 0.48 | 0.97 | 0 | 4 |
| Code Switching with Friends | 1.14 | 1.28 | 0 | 4 |
| Non-English Language Understanding Proficiency | 47.69 | 42.02 | 0 | 100 |
| English Reading Proficiency | 94.27 | 10.62 | 50 | 100 |
| English Writing Proficiency | 91.62 | 14.18 | 25 | 100 |
| English Speaking Proficiency | 93.59 | 12.46 | 0 | 100 |
| English Writing Frequency | 3.66 | 0.7 | 1 | 4 |