Table 1.
Chronological summary of published studies of optical mammography on patients undergoing neoadjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy.
| Reference | Year | # Subjects | # Sessions | Duration (weeks) | MAJOR FINDINGS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jakubowski et al. [17] | 2004 | 1 | 8 | 10 |
After 1 week: ↓[HbT] (−26%) (PR) After 10 weeks: ↓[HbT] (−56%), ↓[H2O](−67%), ↑SO2 (PR) Similar trend in control tissue (breast, abdomen): ↓[HbO2], →[Hb], ↓Hgb (−16%) |
| Choe et al. [30] | 2005 | 1 | 3 | 24 (Entire NAC) | Between 4th and 7th cycle: ↓[HbT] (−50%) (PR) |
| Tromberg et al. [31] | 2005 | 1 | 6 | 1 | After 1 week: ↓TOI (−60%), ↓[HbT] (−30%), ↓[H2O] (−30%), ↑[lipid] (+20%) |
| Cerussi et al. [12] | 2007 | 11 | 2 | 1 | After 1 week: ↓[Hb] (−27%), ↓[HbO2] (−33%), ↓[H2O] (−11%) (responders) No change (NR and healthy tissue) |
| Zhou et al. [32] | 2007 | 1 | 6 | 1 | After 1 week: ↓T/N [Hb] (−31%), ↓T/N [HbO2] (−27%), ↓T/N [HbT] (−28%), ↑T/N [lipid] (+16%), ↓T/N Blood Flow (−25%) (PR) |
| Zhu et al. [13] | 2008 | 11 | 3 | Entire NAC |
After 2nd cycle: Lower BVI in complete responders vs. partial/non-responders At end of therapy: ↓BVI (−71%) (pCR), ↓BVI (−54%) (PR), ↓BVI (−13%) (NR) |
| Jiang et al. [20] | 2009 | 7 | 5–11 | Entire NAC |
Within week 4: ↓[HbT] (−64%) (pCR) ↑[HbT] (+17%) (non-pCR) |
| Soliman et al. [26] | 2010 | 10 | 5 | Entire NAC |
After 4 weeks: ↓[Hb] (−68%), ↓[HbO2] (−59%), ↓[H2O] (−51%), ↓SP (−53%) (pCR, PR) ↓[Hb] (−18%), ↓[HbO2] (−18%), ↓[H2O] (−15%), ↓SP (−13%) (NR) |
| Cerussi et al. [41] | 2010 | 1 | 19 | 18 (Entire NAC) | ↓T/N TOI ratio throughout NAC (−50% at end of therapy) |
| Roblyer et al. [14] | 2011 | 23 | 8 | 1 |
After 1 day: ↑[HbO2 ] (+41%, +44%) (pCR, PR), ↓[HbO2 ] (−22%) (NR) After 1 week: ↓[HbO2] (−22%) (pCR), →[HbO2] (PR), ↓[HbO2] (−49%) (NR) |
| Cerussi et al. [15] | 2011 | 34 | 3 | Entire NAC | At therapy midpoint: ↓T/N TOI: −47% (pCR), −20% (non-pCR) |
| Pakalniskis et al. [34] | 2011 | 11 | 3 | Entire NAC | During therapy: ↓[HbT] (10%/month) (pCR), →[HbT] (PR) |
| Falou et al. [27] | 2012 | 15 | 5 | Entire NAC |
After 1 week: ↑[Hb] (17%), ↑[HbO2] (8%), ↑[HbT] (10%), ↑[H2O] (11%) (responders) ↓[Hb] (−14%), ↓[HbO2] (−18%), ↓[HbT] (−17%), ↓[H2O] (−29%) (NR) |
| Ueda et al. [38] | 2012 | 41 | 1 | Baseline only |
Before treatment: Tumor [Hb], [HbO2], [HbT] did not correlate with response Tumor StO2 was higher in pCR (78%) than in non-pCR (72%) |
| Busch et al. [35] | 2013 | 30 | 2–4 | Entire NAC | Initial test of a statistical analysis of [HbT], SO2, µs’ images to extract a predictive parameter of NAC response |
| Zhu et al. [16] | 2013 | 32 | 4 | Entire NAC |
Before treatment: Greater pretreatment [HbT] in responders than non-responders After 1st cycle: ↓[HbT] (−12%) (CR); →[HbT] (PR, NR) |
| Zhu et al. [39] | 2014 | 34 | 1 | Baseline only | Before treatment: Tumor pretreatment [HbT] is best predictor of NAC response |
| Jiang et al. [21] | 2014 | 19 | 3 | Entire NAC |
Before treatment: Greater pretreatment [HbT] in pCR than in non-pCR By the end of 1st cycle: ↓[HbT] (−43%) (pCR); ↑[HbT] (+20%) (PR) |
| Schaafsma et al. [28] | 2015 | 22 | 4 | Entire NAC |
After 1st cycle (3 weeks): ↓[HbO2] (−14%), (pCR, PR); ↑[HbO2] (+36%), (NR) After 3rd cycle (9 weeks, therapy midpoint): ↓[HbO2] (−32%), (pCR, PR); ↑[HbO2] (+10%), (NR) |
| Gunther et al. [36] | 2015 | 22 | 2 | 2 |
After 2 weeks: ↓[HbT] (−35%) (pCR), ↓[HbT] (−5%) (PR), ↑[HbT] (+5%) (NR) Faster breath-hold washout rate of [Hb] in pCR vs. non-pCR |
| Tran et al. [33] | 2016 | 22 | 5 | Entire NAC | After 1 week: Combination of tumor ↓[HbT] and Quantitative Ultrasound parameters resulted in perfect markers for response |
| Tromberg et al. [37] | 2016 | 34 | 4 | Entire NAC | At therapy midpoint: ↓T/N TOI: −46% (pCR), −14% (non-pCR) |
| Sajjadi et al. [40] | 2017 | 13 | 2–3 | 4 | After 4 weeks: Different T/N breast compression dynamics of [HbT] and SO2 in CR&PR vs. NR |
| This work | 2017 | 8 | 7–18 | 18–22 (Entire NAC) |
At therapy midpoint: ↓[HbT] (−35%), ↓SO2 (−27%) (pCR & PR) →[HbT], →SO2 (NR) |
NAC: neoadjuvant chemotherapy; TOI: tissue optical index ([Hb]×[H2O]/[lipid]); BVI: blood volume index ([HbT]×TV, with TV tumor volume); SP: scattering power; T/N: tumor-to-normal ratio; pCR: pathologic complete responders; CR, PR, NR: complete, partial, non-responders. ↓, ↑, and → indicate a decrease, increase, and no change, respectively.