Table 1.
Recent update of nanoparticle-based combination therapy with drugs and genes
| Formulation Category | Encapsulation Method | Drug Characteristics | Materials | Combination Drugs | Disease Model | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polymer-based nano-formulations | Physical encapsulation & physical encapsulation | Hydrophobic drugs | PLGA-PEG NPs | DOX and cisplatin | - | [127] |
| Hydrophobic drugs | Chitosan or HA functionalized PLGA NPs | Camptothecin and cisplatin | Colon cancer | [86, 128] | ||
| Hydrophobic drugs | nanoemulsion | PTX and curcumin | Ovarian cancer | [48] | ||
| Hydrophobic drug & hydrophilic drug | water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion | Catechin and curcumin | - | [129] | ||
| Hydrophobic drug & hydrophilic drug | PLGA-PEG NPs with nanocores | Cisplatin and Gemcitabine or rapamycin | Bladder cancer or melanoma | [9, 33] | ||
| Chemical conjugate & chemical conjugate | Hydrophobic drug & hydrophilic drug | PTX-Vitamin E conjugate & 5-FU-TPGS conjugate | PTX and 5-FU | PTX-resistant cancer | [111] | |
| Chemical conjugation & electrostatic adsorption | Hydrophobic drug & hydrophilic protein | TMC-based nanocomplexes | DOX-CA-TMC conjugate and interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) | Hepatic cancer | [130] | |
| Physical encapsulation, physical encapsulation, electrostatic adsorption, & surface coating | Hydrophobic & hydrophilic drugs, siRNA, and PTT agent | PDA coated P (MEO2MA-co-OEGMA-co-DMAEMA)-b-PLGA core-shell structured NPs | PTX, DOX, survivin siRNA, polydopamine (PDA) | Triple negative breast cancer | [131, 132] | |
| Physical encapsulation & electrostatic adsorption | Hydrophobic drug & siRNA | EGF modified mPEG-PLGA-PLL NPs | DOX, Bcl-2 siRNA | Lung cancer | [70] | |
| Hydrophobic drug & siRNA | PEI-glycyrrhetinic acid (PEI-GA) | DOX, Akt-1 shRNA | Hepatic cancer | [133] | ||
| Hydrophobic drug & siRNA | HA-ss-(OA-g-bPEI) | PTX, AURKA siRNA | - | [134] | ||
| Hydrophobic drug & siRNA | PEG-PLL-PLLeu | Docetaxel, Bcl-2 siRNA | Breast cancer | [73] | ||
| Drug as carrier, prodrug, electrostatic interaction | Hydrophobic drug & cationic drug | PolyMet | Cisplatin-glutamic acid conjugate and PolyMet | Lung cancer | [135] | |
| Chemical conjugation & physical encapsulation | Hydrophobic & hydrophilic drugs | elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP)-based NPs | PTX and Salinomycin (Sali) polypeptide conjugate | Triple negative breast cancer | [112] | |
| Hydrophobic drugs | PEG-based NPs | PEG-DOX conjugate and curcumin | Hepatic cancer | [90] | ||
| Inorganic nano-formulations | Chemical conjugation & physical encapsulation | Hydrophobic drugs (PDT agent) | MSNs | Cisplatin-MSN conjugate and chlorin e6 (Ce6) | Lung cancer | [136] |
| Chemical conjugation | Hydrophilic & hydrophobic drugs | Iron Oxide and SiO2 NPs | AICAR and DOX | - | [137, 138] | |
| Physical encapsulation & chemical conjugation | Hydrophobic drug | Iron Oxide Nanocarrier | Pt(IV) prodrug and dsRNA | - | [139] | |
| Physical encapsulation & electrostatic adsorption | Hydrophobic drug & siRNA | MSNs | DOX and Pgp siRNA | Breast cancer | [26, 49] | |
| Drug as a carrier | Electrostatic interaction | A cationic hydrophilic drug & siRNA | PolyMet | PolyMet and VEGF or Bcl-2 siRNA | Lung caner | [71] |
| Physical interaction | Hydrophobic drugs | HCPT and DOX | HCPT and DOX | - | [105] | |
| Lipid-like NPs | Chemical conjugation & electrostatic interaction | Cationic hydrophilic drug & gene | Lipid-metformin | Lipid-metformin and TRAIL plasmid | Lung cancer | [140] |
| Physical encapsulation | Hydrophobic drugs | Lipid NPs | etoposide and curcumin | Gastric cancer | [87] | |
| Electrostatic adsorption | RNAs | Lipidoid NPs | siRNA and miRNA | Lung Cancer | [63, 141] | |
| Electrostatic adsorption | RNAs | DOPC lipid | siRNA and miRNA | Ovarian cancer | [142] | |
| Physical encapsulation &electrostatic adsorption | Hydrophilic drug & siRNA | Calcium phosphate lipid NPs | Gemcitabine monophosphate and c-Myc siRNA | Lung cancer | [32] |