β-Adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers) are recommended for the first-line treatment of heart failure, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation as well as of hypertension complicated with heart failure, angina pectoris, or prior myocardial infarction.

β-Blockers should not be withheld from patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, although cardioselective agents are preferable.