Table 1.

Comparison of the physical characteristics of pristine graphene (GN), oxidized graphene (GO), and reduced oxidized graphene (rGO)

Parameter	GN	GO	rGO
Shape	Irregular	Irregular, filmlike	Irregular
Zeta potential (mV)	−8.52	−4.32	−29.6
Size	400 nm–1.5 μm	100 nm–2.3 μm	100 nm–1.5 μm, aggregates >5 μm
Surface chemical bonds	C=C, C–O–C, O–H	C=C, C–O–C, O–H, C–O	C=C, C–O–C, O–H, C–O
Production	Exfoliation	Modified Hummer’s method	Chemical reduction of GO