Table 1.
Some of the main physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, as well as the exposure routes, and main findings.
Animal model | Administration route and exposure time | Nanoparticle | Surface chemistry | Size/nm | Major observations | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouse | i.p and i.v. injection, 1, 4, and 24 h | Gold | Without surface modification | 2, 40 | Macrophage uptake in liver, less in spleen, small intestine, lymph nodes. | Sadauskas et al., 2007 |
Rat | i.v. injection, 24 h | Gold | Without surface modification | 10–250 | NPs of 10 nm entered testis and brain. | De Jong et al., 2008 |
Mouse | i.v. injection, 0.5, 2, and 24 h | MWCNTs | Carboxylated and aminated surface | 20–30 × 0.5–2 mm | Accumulation in testis. | Bai et al., 2010 |
Mouse | i.v. injection, 0.17, 1, and 24 h | SWCNTs | Without or coated by paclitaxel (PTX) -polyethylene glycol (PEG) | 1–3 × 100 (diameter × length) | Accumulation in liver and spleen, less in heart, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, muscle | Liu et al., 2008a |
Rat | Whole body inhalation, 12 days | MnO2 | Without surface modification | 30 | Accumulation in CNS via olfactory bulb | Elder et al., 2006 |
Pig | Intradermal injection, < 5 min | CdTe (CdSe) core (shell) type II QDs | Oligomeric, Phosphine | 10 (naked); 18.8 (coated) | Accumulation in sentinel lymph node | Kim et al., 2004 |
Rat | Gavage | Polystyrene microspheres | Without surface modification | 50, 100, and 300 | Accumulation in liver and spleen via lymph | Jani et al., 1990 |
Mouse | Intranasal instillation, 2, 10, 20, and 30 days | TiO2 | Without surface modification | 10, 25, and 60 | Accumulation in brain through olfactory bulb. | Wang et al., 2008 |
Hairless mouse | Dorsal skin exposure 60 days | TiO2 | Hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface | 80, 155 | Accumulation in spleen, lung, kidney, and brain | Wu et al., 2009 |