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. 2017 Sep 5;8:606. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00606

Table 1.

Some of the main physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, as well as the exposure routes, and main findings.

Animal model Administration route and exposure time Nanoparticle Surface chemistry Size/nm Major observations References
Mouse i.p and i.v. injection, 1, 4, and 24 h Gold Without surface modification 2, 40 Macrophage uptake in liver, less in spleen, small intestine, lymph nodes. Sadauskas et al., 2007
Rat i.v. injection, 24 h Gold Without surface modification 10–250 NPs of 10 nm entered testis and brain. De Jong et al., 2008
Mouse i.v. injection, 0.5, 2, and 24 h MWCNTs Carboxylated and aminated surface 20–30 × 0.5–2 mm Accumulation in testis. Bai et al., 2010
Mouse i.v. injection, 0.17, 1, and 24 h SWCNTs Without or coated by paclitaxel (PTX) -polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1–3 × 100 (diameter × length) Accumulation in liver and spleen, less in heart, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, muscle Liu et al., 2008a
Rat Whole body inhalation, 12 days MnO2 Without surface modification 30 Accumulation in CNS via olfactory bulb Elder et al., 2006
Pig Intradermal injection, < 5 min CdTe (CdSe) core (shell) type II QDs Oligomeric, Phosphine 10 (naked); 18.8 (coated) Accumulation in sentinel lymph node Kim et al., 2004
Rat Gavage Polystyrene microspheres Without surface modification 50, 100, and 300 Accumulation in liver and spleen via lymph Jani et al., 1990
Mouse Intranasal instillation, 2, 10, 20, and 30 days TiO2 Without surface modification 10, 25, and 60 Accumulation in brain through olfactory bulb. Wang et al., 2008
Hairless mouse Dorsal skin exposure 60 days TiO2 Hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface 80, 155 Accumulation in spleen, lung, kidney, and brain Wu et al., 2009
HHS Vulnerability Disclosure