Figure 2.

“Multi-omics” analyses for the further understanding of NK cells. “Multi-omics” analytical design and key questions to be addressed for NK cells (schematic). NK cells are an important part of the first line of defense for the body. NK cells are present in most of the tissues and organs of humans and mice, including blood, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, lungs, and uterus. NK cells were isolated by flow cytometry and analyzed by various “-omics” technologies in steady and activated states. Just like a prism refracting the seven colors comprising white light, “-omics” and “multi-omics” analyses of the intricate critical problems of NK cells can produce massive amounts of data and a panoramic view by sequencing, mass spectrometry, and LC-MS/MS and could help to solve these problems. There are three major research aspects of NK cells: (i) understanding NK cells from multiple perspectives (“what is a NK cell?”); (ii) the origin and development of NK cells (“where do NK cells come from?”); and (iii) how NK cells may be transformed and applied (“where are NK cells going?”). The knowledge provided by basic research can guide and serve the clinical transformation of NK cells. TF, transcription factor; ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; CAR-NK, chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cell; NK, natural killer cell; ILC, innate lymphoid cell.