Table 1.
Inter-group comparison for the whole group.
| Arterial hypertension group (AHG) n = 114 | Cushing’s disease (CD) n = 22 | Healthy volunteers (HV) n = 35 | p-Value | Post hoc tests | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 46.3 ± 9.3 | 42.9 ± 12.5 | 43.8 ± 9.1 | 0.180 | – |
| HR (bpm), mean ± SD | 68.1 ± 8.7 | 73.9 ± 10.3 | 66.6 ± 11.7 | 0.016 | AHG vs HV* |
| HV vs CD* | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 120.7 ± 9.5 | 123.2 ± 13.8 | 114.5 ± 10.1 | 0.002 | AHGvs HV** |
| HV vs CD** | |||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 77.9 ± 7.3 | 80.8 ± 9.7 | 72.3 ± 8.0 | 0.0001 | AHG vs HV# |
| HV vs CD# | |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 30.9 ± 21.7 | 31.8 ± 7.1 | 25.8 ± 3.2 | 0.301 | – |
| Echocardiography | |||||
| LVH, n (%) | 17 (14.9) | 9 (40.9) | 3 (8.6) | 0.002 | |
| LVDD, n (%) | 16 (14.0) | 9 (40.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00005 | |
| LVEDD (mm), mean ± SD | 48.4 ± 3.8 | 47.2 ± 4.0 | 48.4 ± 4.2 | 0.430 | – |
| RVEDD (mm), mean ± SD | 30.5 ± 3.2 | 30.4 ± 4.3 | 28.7 ± 4.0 | 0.036 | AHG vs HV* |
| LA (mm), mean ± SD | 37.3 ± 3.4 | 36.5 ± 3.9 | 35.0 ± 3.2 | 0.003 | AHG vs HV** |
| Left ventricular mass index (g/m2), mean ± SD | 90.1 ± 18.0 | 101.9 ± 22.7 | 83.4 ± 20.1 | 0.004 | AHG vs CD* |
| HV vs CD** | |||||
| LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 66.4 ± 3.2 | 66.9 ± 3.3 | 67.5 ± 3.5 | 0.256 | – |
| GLS (%), mean ± SD | −19.2 ± 2.4 | −17.7 ± 2.0 | −20.0 ± 2.3 | 0.004 | AHG vs CD* |
| HV vs CD** | |||||
| E/A (–), mean ± SD | 1.15 ± 0.34 | 1.00 ± 0.28 | 1.25 ± 0.33 | 0.025 | HV vs CD* |
| E′ (cm/s), mean ± SD | 10.4 ± 2.6 | 9.7 ± 3.7 | 12.6 ± 2.6 | 0.00006 | AHGvs HV# |
| E/e′, mean ± SD | 7.0 ± 1.9 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 0.003 | HV vs CD# |
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; #p < 0.001.
E/A, mitral flow early (E) and late (A) phase ratio; E/e′, mitral flow early (E) phase and mitral septal annulus early diastolic velocity (e′) ratio; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LA, left atrium diameter; LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; RVEDD, right ventricular end diastolic diameter.