Table 1.

Constituents and characteristics of commonly used crystalloids and plasma.

Solution	Ph	Na+ (mmol/l)	Cl− (mmol/l)	K+ (mmol/l)	Osmolality (mOsmol/kg)
Plasma	7.35–7.45	136–145	95–105	3.5–5.0	275–295
Lactated Ringer	6.6	130	109	4	273
3% sodium chloride	5.0	513	513	0	1027
Normal saline (0.9%)	5.7	154	154	0	308
Half-normal saline (0.45%)	5.6	77	77	0	154
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W)	4.5	0	0	0	253
Bicarbonate (8.4%)∗	8	1000	0	0	2000

^∗1 ampule contains 50 milliliters with 50 mEq of sodium bicarbonate.