Figure 7.

Fucoxanthin prevents Aβ oligomer-induced alteration of the PI3K/Akt and the ERK pathways in a concentration-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1 or 3 μM fucoxanthin. After 2 h, 1 μM Aβ oligomer was added. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the expression of (a) pSer473-Akt, (b) pSer9-GSK3β, and (c) pERK at 6 h after the treatment of Aβ oligomers. Data were the mean ± SEM of three separate experiments; ^##p < 0.01 versus the control group; ^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗p < 0.01 versus the Aβ oligomer group (ANOVA and Tukey's test).