Table 4.

Biological markers in 10- to 14-year-old Mexican and Mexican-American adolescents by location, sex, and risk status.

Biomarkers	Toluca (n = 149)				Texas (n = 144)				Low versus high Risk p∗∗	Toluca versus Texas p∗∗	♂ versus ♀ P∗∗	Risk-location-sex P∗
	Low risk (n = 74)		High risk (n = 75)		Low risk (n = 99)		High risk (n = 45)
	Male Mean ± SD (n = 32)	Female Mean ± SD (n = 42)	Male Mean ± SD (n = 26)	Female Mean ± SD (n = 49)	Male Mean ± SD (n = 52)	Female Mean ± SD (n = 47)	Male Mean ± SD (n = 22)	Female Mean ± SD (n = 23)
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	125.3 ± 58.9	144.7 ± 48.4	122.6 ± 64.3	135.6 ± 62.2	152.0 ± 24.7	159.4 ± 23.3	158.4 ± 20.1	153.8 ± 29.5	0.621	0.000	0.114	0.799
HDL (mg/dl)	46.5 ± 11.1	46.2 ± 10.7	42.1 ± 9.7	39.1 ± 6.2	48.1 ± 13.0	50.7 ± 11.3	41.6 ± 8.7	41.8 ± 10.7	0.000	0.128	0.910	0.959
LDL (mg/dl)	82.8 ± 18.8	89.3 ± 24.5	73.6 ± 27.2	85.3 ± 22.8	78.8 ± 19.9	83.0 ± 20.0	90.2 ± 16.2	83.9 ± 24.5	0.927	0.664	0.153	0.159
Triacylglycerides (mg/dl)	96.1 ± 67.8	100.9 ± 58.4	154.9 ± 109.7	169.2 ± 76.8	125.0 ± 59.5	128.2 ± 64.9	132.6 ± 51.9	140.0 ± 79.9	0.000	0.896&	0.411	0.883
Cholesterol/HDL (mg/dl)	3.3 ± 0.6	12.1 ± 54.0	3.7 ± 0.8	4.3 ± 1.8	3.3 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 1.1	3.9 ± 1.0	3.8 ± 0.9	0.561	0.388	0.381	0.442
ALP (mg/dl)	298.8 ± 86.6	268.9 ± 102.2	292.7 ± 110.2	177.5 ± 96.0	259.9 ± 63.8	196.5 ± 94.6	250.8 ± 84.3	183.8 ± 90.1	0.011	0.002	0.00 +	0.079
GGT (mg/dl)	12.4 ± 2.3	11.5 ± 3.9	18.7 ± 11.1	13.6 ± 5.8	15.4 ± 5.5	13.8 ± 5.3	21.0 ± 6.8	14.3 ± 5.0	0.000	0.006	0.00 #	0.782
ALT (mg/dl)	17.2 ± 13.4	15.1 ± 5.5	23.5 ± 19.5	19.7 ± 11.6	20.0 ± 13.2	14.6 ± 10.1	26.0 ± 14.7	18.2 ± 13.4	0.001	0.605	0.002	0.926

^∗Three-way ANOVA; ^∗∗Student's t-test. Statistically significant by sex and risk status together; ⁺p = 0.020; ^#p = 0.018; ^&statistically significant by location and risk status together, p = 0.045. Significant values are shown in bold.