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. 2017 Sep 6;10:284. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00284

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Copyright © 2017 Deuis, Dvorakova and Vetter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Methods used to assess mechanically evoked pain like behaviors in rodents. (A) Manual Von Frey. Rodents are placed individually in small cages with a mesh or barred floor. Monofilaments of differing forces are applied perpendicularly to the hind paw. If the rodent withdraws, licks or shakes the paw, it is considered to have had a positive response. (B) Electronic von Frey (MouseMet, TopCat Metrology). Rodents are placed individually in a small cage with a barred floor. A single, un-bending filament is applied perpendicularly to the hind paw. The force is increased by rotation of the handheld device until paw withdrawal occurs. The force ramp and paw withdrawal force are displayed by the software post-test. (C) Randall-Selitto test (handheld device). The rodent is restrained and the hind paw (or tail) is placed between a pointed probe tip and flat surface. The pressure is increased until withdrawal or vocalization occurs.