Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and biochemical variables.
| NDM | GDM | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOTHERS | |||
| Maternal age (years) | 31.21 ± 4.34 | 32.09 ± 3.21 | 0.58 |
| BW 1st (kg) | 55.68 ± 7.72 | 53.14 ± 5.31 | 0.36 |
| BMI 1st (kg/m2) | 20.53 ± 2.19 | 20.40 ± 1.90 | 0.88 |
| GWG (kg) | 15.57 ± 4.38 | 13.59 ± 4.94 | 0.30 |
| BW 3rd (kg) | 71.25 ± 8.13 | 66.73 ± 6.64 | 0.15 |
| BMI 3rd (kg/m2) | 26.28 ± 1.92 | 25.61 ± 2.08 | 0.41 |
| BMI gain (kg/m2) | 5.74 ± 1.55 | 5.20 ± 1.78 | 0.42 |
| INFANTS | |||
| Sex (Male %) | 57% | 64% | / |
| Gestational week (weeks) | 39.44 ± 0.98 | 39.38 ± 0.37 | 0.84 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3287.14 ± 200.13 | 3246.36 ± 159.33 | 0.59 |
| Body length (cm) | 50.07 ± 1.49 | 49.64 ± 1.12 | 0.43 |
| Ponderal index (kg/m3) | 26.21 ± 1.56 | 26.59 ± 1.75 | 0.58 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 34.13 ± 1.07 | 33.95 ± 0.68 | 0.63 |
| Placenta weight (g) | 639.64 ± 106.69 | 614.55 ± 78.67 | 0.52 |
| CORD BLOOD PARAMETERS | |||
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 13.10 ± 6.24 | 10.76 ± 3.65 | 0.41 |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 9.74 ± 7.37 | 5.45 ± 2.08 | 0.18 |
| IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 45.23 ± 13.73 | 44.40 ± 14.79 | 0.91 |
Data reported as the mean ± Standard Deviation (S.D.). n = 10, in each group. BW, body weight; BMI, body mass index; BW 1st, body weight at the beginning of 1st trimester; BW 3rd, body weight at the end of 3rd trimester; BMI 1st, BMI at the beginning of 1st trimester; BMI 3rd, body mass index at the end of 3rd trimester; GWG:gestational weight gain; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; NDM, Non-GDM; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1.