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. 2017 Sep 6;11:82. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00082

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Copyright © 2017 Togo and Imamizu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Calculation of MNIIA criterion. (A) The 13 EMG activity patterns of Subject A in trial 1. In trial 1, the tested muscle synergy vector was w₁^VAF. (B) The 13 EMG activities were transformed into the parallel and orthogonal components in real time (Figure 1A). The difference between the parallel and orthogonal components is the IIA criterion. The value of IIA is shown to the subjects in real time (Figure 1E). (C) In off-line analysis, the IIA is normalized (NIIA) and averaged within the time window. (D) The averaged NIIA within the time window is calculated at all time points during analysis duration (from 2.5 to 11 s after task onset). We determined a maximum NIIA (MNIIA) in each trial.