Table 1.
Characteristics of included RCTs for meta-analysis.
| Study, year (country) | n | Age | Genus, species, and strain, duration | Dose | Outcome summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viljanen et al., 2005; Finland | 220 | 1.4–11.9 months | Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG); 4 weeks | 5 × 109 cfu or mixture twice daily capsules | Positive effect of probiotics was seen only in IgE-sensitized infants |
| Weston et al., 2005; Austria | 56 | 6–18 months | LF; 8-week | 2 × 1010 CFU/g/d | Positive effect of probiotics was seen only in food-sensitized children |
| Folster-Holst et al., 2006; Germany | 54 | 1–55 months | Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG(LGG); 8-week | 10 × 109CFU | No significant difference between synbiotics and placebo |
| Gruber et al., 2007; Germany | 102 | 3–12 months | Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG(LGG); 8-week | >5 × 109CFU, twice daily orally | No significant difference between synbiotics and placebo |
| Niers et al., 2009; Netherland | 98 | 1–24 months | B. bifidobacterium infantis, LC. lactis W58; 24-week | 3 × 109CFU, once daily | No difference was observed among two groups |
| Wu et al., 2012; Taiwan | 60 | 2–14 years | Lactobacillus (LS), 8-week | 5 × 1010 CFU, twice daily | SCORAD decrease significantly in probiotic group compared to placebo group |
| Gerasimov et al., 2010; Ukraine | 90 | 1–3 years | Mixture (LA t BL)/synbiotics; 8-week | 5 × 1010 CFU, twice daily | SCORAD decrease significantly in probiotic group compared to placebo group |
| Woo et al., 2010; Korea | 75 | 2–10 years | Lactobacillus (LS2)/synbiotics; 12-week | 2 × 1010 CFU, twice daily | SCORAD decrease significantly in probiotic group compared to placebo group |
| Shafiei et al., 2011; Iran | 41 | 1–36 months | Seven strain probiotics plus prebiotic mixture; 2 months | 1 × 109CFU, once daily | No significant difference between probiotics and placebo |
| Gore et al., 2012; UK | 133 | 3–6 months | Lactobacillus (LP) or Bifidobacterium (BL); 12-week | 1 × 1010 CFU | No significant difference between probiotics and placebo |
| Han et al., 2012; Korea | 83 | 1–13 years | Lactobacillus (LP2); 12-week | 5 × 1010 CFU, twice daily | SCORAD decrease significantly in probiotic group compared to placebo |
| Yesilova et al., 2012; Turkey | 39 | 1–12 years | Mixture (BB2, LA, LC, LS2); 8-week | 4 × 1010 CFU, daily | SCORAD decrease significantly in probiotic group compared to placebo |
| Wang and Wang, 2015; Taiwan | 220 | 1–28 years | Lactobacillus paracasei(LP), Lactobacillus fermentum(LF), Mixture; 3 months | LP, LF(2 × 1010 CFU, qd); Mixture(4 × 1010 CFU, qd) | SCORAD decrease significantly in probiotic group compared to placebo |