Table 2.
Mean (SD) scores for key voice and psychological variables at each visit for treatment and no treatment groups (patients with complete data)
| Test or questionnaire | Treatment
|
No treatment
|
F value | Treatment effect (points (95% CI)) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of patients | Visit 1 (baseline) | Visit 2 or 3 | No of patients | Visit 1 (baseline) | Visit 2 or 3 | ||||
| At completion of treatment (visit 2) | |||||||||
| Psychological distress: | |||||||||
| HADS anxiety | 67 | 6.3 (4.0) | 5.9 (4.5) | 63 | 8.1 (4.3) | 7.7 (3.9) | 0.71 (P=0.402) | 0.39 (−0.53 to 1.31) | |
| HADS depression | 67 | 3.7 (3.5) | 3.6 (3.7) | 63 | 4.2 (3.3) | 4.2 (3.1) | 0.38 (P=0.540) | 0.25 (−0.55 to 1.05) | |
| CIS total score | 67 | 7.0 (6.9) | 62 | 8.6 (8.2) | |||||
| Voice: | |||||||||
| Buffalo overall rating* | 74 | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.3 (0.93) | 69 | 2.9 (1.0) | 2.5 (0.93) | 2.33 (P=0.130) | 0.21 (−0.01 to 0.49) | |
| Pitch perturbation† | 67 | 3.2 (2.4) | 2.8 (1.5) | 57 | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.8 (1.5) | 0.97 (P=0.326) | 0.25 (−0.25 to 0.74) | |
| Amplitude perturbation† | 67 | 6.0 (4.2) | 4.5 (2.6) | 57 | 5.0 (3.3) | 5.7 (3.8) | 8.03 (P=0.005) | 1.6 (0.47 to 2.63) | |
| VPQ total‡ | 67 | 27.6 (8.0) | 22.4 (5.8) | 65 | 27.9 (7.5) | 25.4 (8.1) | 6.12 (P=0.015) | 2.6 (0.51 to 4.63) | |
| At completion of follow up (visit 3) | |||||||||
| Psychological distress: | |||||||||
| HADS anxiety | 62 | 6.6 (4.0) | 5.9 (3.8) | 56 | 8.1 (4.0) | 6.7 (4.1) | 0.00 (P=0.969) | 0.02 (−1.21 to 1.25) | |
| HADS depression | 62 | 4.2 (3.6) | 3.8 (3.5) | 56 | 4.2 (3.3) | 4.3 (3.6) | 1.08 (P=0.300) | 0.4 (−1.3 to 0.39) | |
| CIS total score | 67 | 7.0 (6.9) | 7.3 (8.1) | 62 | 8.6 (8.2) | 7.6 (8.8) | 0.64 (P=0.424) | 0.89 (−1.3 to 3.06) | |
| Voice: | |||||||||
| Buffalo overall rating* | 70 | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.0) | 63 | 2.8 (1.0) | 3.0 (1.0) | 26.50 (P<0.001) | 0.82 (0.5 to 1.13) | |
| Pitch perturbation† | 65 | 3.1 (2.4) | 2.7 (1.5) | 54 | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.5) | 1.58 (P=0.212) | 0.35 (−0.20 to 0.89) | |
| Amplitude perturbation† | 65 | 5.8 (3.9) | 4.1 (3.0) | 54 | 5.1 (3.2) | 4.5 (3.6) | 0.90 (P=0.345) | 0.57 (−0.62 to 1.77) | |
| Score on VPQ‡ | 61 | 28.8 (8.2) | 21.6 (6.3) | 57 | 28.0 (7.5) | 25.4 (8.5) | 10.96 (P=0.001) | 4.14 (1.67 to 6.61) | |
HADS=hospital anxiety and depression scale; CIS=clinical interview schedule; VPQ=vocal performance questionnaire.
*
Buffalo voice profile analysis has an “overall rating” as 1 of 10 items scored 0-5.
†
The higher the score the more dysphonic the voice.
‡
Maximum score=60; the higher the score the more dysphonic the voice.