Fig. 3.

Patterns of breast tumor differential methylation in black or white current smokers versus never smokers with HR+ or HR− breast cancer. Generalized linear regression (GLM) models adjusted for age, race, menopausal status, stage, BMI, and alcohol consumption were used to compare breast tumor methylation beta values between current and never smokers. a Volcano plots display array-wide patterns of breast tumor differential methylation in current versus never smokers among a black HR− cases, b black HR+ cases, c white HR− cases, and d white HR+ cases. Probes that fall above the broken line are significant at p <0.05. Probes hypomethylated in smokers have negative coefficients and probes hypermethylated in smokers have positive coefficients. e Bar graph summarizing numbers of differentially hypomethylated or hypermethylated CpG probes in black and white current smokers with HR− or HR+ breast tumors. f Venn diagrams summarizing the overlap of CpG probes differentially methylated in current smokers among black and white cases with HR− or HR+ breast cancers. g Boxplots of selected smoking-related CpG loci illustrating the range of beta values in HR− breast tumors from black or white current or former smokers versus never smokers