Table 1.

Comparison of Safe Sleep Recommendation by Self Report and Observational Survey

Recommendation	Survey Question a	Observed Behaviorb	Reported Behavior Safest Definitionc		Reported Behavior Lenient Definitiond
		% Safe	% Safe	Agreee	% Safe	Agreee
Sleep Position	1. How often do you put your baby down to sleep on his/her back?	72.9%	39.7%	.38**	67.6%	.65**
Sleep Surface	2. The mattress in the (CRIB) is firm?	95.7%	85.1%	.41**	-	-
Sleep Location	3. At night, the baby sleeps in the same room as you or another adult?	90.3%	83.3%	.58**	90.3%	.84**
	4. How often do you and your baby sleep in the same bed? With someone else?	87.5%	27.1%	.13*	72.9%	.55**
	5. How often do you put your baby down to sleep in an adult bed?	87.5%	34.5%	.13	72.7%	.58**
	6. Where do you put your baby down most? (response of Adult Bed)	87.5%	-	-	76.4%	.59**
Bedding safety-soft or loose bedding	7. When your baby is sleeping, how often is there a pillow in the (CRIB) for him/her to rest his/her head on?	71.6%	74.6%	.62**	85.1%	.44**
	8. When your baby is sleeping, how often is there a bumper pad around the edges of the (CRIB)?	76.1%	74.6%	.72**	76.1%	.75**
	9. How often is there a cushion, pillow, heavy blanket, or sheepskin, on top of the mattress but underneath the baby?	68.4%	54.4%	.49**	70.2%	.46**
	10. How often is there a stuffed animal in the (CRIB) with your baby?	68.7%	64.2%	.63**	79.1%	.58**
	11. When your baby is sleeping, how often does the (CRIB) have a mattress in it – one that fills up the whole bottom of the (CRIB) and doesn’t leave any space between the mattress and the edges of the (CRIB)? f	92.5%	92.5%	NS	92.5%	NS
	12. How often do you use a wedge or something else to hold the baby in a particular position while s/he sleeps, or to keep him/her from rolling? f	92.5%	76.1%	NS	94.0%	NS
Overheating	13. How often is there a heavy blanket, comforter, or bedspread in the (CRIB) with your baby?	77.6%	74.6%	.34*	89.6%	.26+
Offer a pacifier at nap time and bedtime.	14. How often do you give your baby a pacifier when you put him/her down for sleep?	63.4%	15.5%	.19*	25.4%	.33**

⁺p< .05,

^*< .01,

^**p< .001;

Sample sizes range from 67 to 72 with the exception of # 2 where there were only 49 used cribs/bassinette, and #11 where there were only 65 with identified mattress.

^aAll have response options of Every time to Never except #2 (Yes/No/DK) and #6 (name the most common place).

^bSimulation with doll.

^cPercent of Always for safe or never for unsafe.

^dPercent of Always or Most of time for safe or Sometimes or never for unsafe.

^eCohen’s kappa Inter-rater reliability coefficient.

^fOnly 4 women reported risk behaviors.