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. 2017 Aug 22;51(4):1249–1260. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4097

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Copyright: © Shrestha et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Effect of melatonin and curcumin combination on cell migration and invasion and the related signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells. (A) Cell migration was analyzed by a scratch assay in T24 and UMUC3 cells. After 48 h of treatment with curcumin or melatonin (Mel) alone or their combination, the wound gap was observed and photographed. (B) The percentage of migration cells were calculated relative to the original gap. (C) Cell invasion was analyzed in T24 cells treated with indicated doses of curcumin or melatonin (Mel) alone or their combination for 24 h. Cell invasion was observed and photographed (C), and the percentage of invasion cells (D) were calculated. (E) The expression of TIMP-2 and MMP-2/9 proteins were analyzed by western blotting in different treatment group. Data are represented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The level of significance is indicated by ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01.