Figure 5.

Chrysophanol nanoparticle increases ROS generation and p53 expression. (A) LNCap cells were treated with 90 μM chrysophanol nanoparticle for 24 h. Then, flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate ROS generation. (B) Chrysophanol nanoparticle (90 μM) was added to LNCap cells, and ROS production was diminished when chrysophanol nanoparticle was added to p53-knockdown LNCap cells, but ROS were produced in LNCap cells expressing p53. (C) Left, 70, 90 and 110 μM chrysophanol nanoparticles were administered to LNCap cells for 24 h, which was followed by immunoblot analysis of p53 and Ac-p53. Right, p53 expression levels were calculated using western blot assay. P53 and Ac-p53 expression were upregulated at earlier treatment time, but downregulated further at late time intervals. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01 and ^***P<0.001 versus the control group in the absence of any treatments.