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. 2017 Sep 5;12:6559–6580. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S144705

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© 2017 Yang et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Photographed images of mouse skin as affected by UVA treatment in the presence and absence of coffee oil-algae oil nanoemulsions (A) and changes associated with trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) (B), erythema formation (C), melanin formation (D), and subcutaneous blood flow (E).

Note: Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations.

Abbreviations: NE, nanoemulsions; UVA, ultraviolet A.

Photographed images of mouse skin as affected by UVA treatment in the presence and absence of coffee oil-algae oil nanoemulsions (A) and changes associated with trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) (B), erythema formation (C), melanin formation (D), and subcutaneous blood flow (E).

Note: Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation of triplicate determinations.

Abbreviations: NE, nanoemulsions; UVA, ultraviolet A.