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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 17.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2017 Jul 17;46(14):4218–4244. doi: 10.1039/c6cs00636a

Fig. 10. Probing Cellular Interactions of Nanoparticles.

Fig. 10

a) Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (STORM) of the trafficking of 80-nm polystyrene nanoparticles (red) in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells (plasma membrane, green) compared to conventional wide-field microscopic techniques. b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of carbon nanotubes (CNTs, left) interacting with lung alveolar cells (right) following intratracheal administration in C57BL/6 mice. c) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of tattoo ink nanoparticles in cryosectioned human skin. Large (black arrows) and small (white arrows) agglomerates, as well as the underlying collagen fibril network, are visible in AFM height (left) and amplitude (right) images. d) Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) of HIV-mimetic 80-nm Au NPs infecting cells expressing the glycosphingolipid receptor CD169. Cell surface-bound particles are diffusely spread, while intracellular nanoparticles appear sequestered through as-yet-undetermined mechanisms. e) Real-time, live-cell Raman scattering images of murine macrophages with internalized 50-nm gold nanoparticle probes. Surface-enhance Raman scattering (SERS) from individual nanoparticles is detected (left) and spectral features from nanoparticle region-of-interest (right) are reported. f) Flow cytometry of PPC-1 prostate cancer cells treated with fluorescent, peptide-targeted, and etchable silver nanoparticles. Both cell fluorescence and side-scattering increase with peptide targeting (R-) of silver nanoparticles, while both decrease in response to the etching of cell surface-bound particulates. g) Real-time, dark-field scattering microscopy of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) trafficking and infection in larynx epidermal cells as imaged using gold nanoparticle surface labels. h) Photoacoustic (PA) microscopy of human leukocytes. Composite images (532 nm, green; 600 nm, red) illustrating chromatin, nuclear, and cytoplasmic morphology. Although not used here, nanoparticles commonly serve as strong PA contrast agents. i) Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) imaging (heatmap) of mouse fibroblasts (grayscale) incubated with Au (left) and Ag (right) nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission from (a) 207, (b) 209, (c) 243, (d) 214, (e) 217, (f) 221, (g) 225, (h) 228, and (i) 234. Copyright (a) 2016 American Chemical Society, (b) 2014 Købler et al., (c) 2015 Grant et al., (d) 2014 Nature Publishing Group, (e) 2013 Nature Publishing Group, (f) 2014 Nature Publishing Group, (g) 2014 Nature Publishing Group, (h) 2016 Strohm et al., and (i) 2012 American Chemical Society.