A. and B. Human chondrocytes were subjected to (A) treatment with varied concentrations of melatonin (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) for 24 h or (B) treatment with 10 ng/ml melatonin for different durations (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). C.-F. Chondrocytes were treated with or without 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 30 min, followed by treatment with 10 ng/ml of melatonin for 24 h. C and D. mRNA and protein levels of Sirt1 were measured by qPCR (C) and Western blot (D) assays, respectively. E. Quantification of Sirt1 protein expression in (D). GAPDH and β-actin were used as internal controls. F. Sirt1 activity was determined. Each value represents mean ± SD of 3 replicates or representative of 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05 compared with control; #P < 0.05 compared with IL-1β-treated group. Mel: melatonin.