Table 3. Induction of autophagy through nutritional and dietary constituents.
| Dietary Constituent | Cancer/Cancer Cell | Target molecule |
|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | Brain cancer | Akt/mTOR/S6 kinase, ERK1/2 [167] |
| Genistein | Ovarian cancer | Akt [168] |
| Resveratrol | Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Salivary gland cancer Lung cancer | Akt, mTOR, glycolysis [169, 170] |
| Sulforaphane | Prostate cancer | Mitochondria, mitophagy [171] |
| Vitamin C | Glial cells, Lung cancer | Not known [172, 173] |
| Vitamin D3 | Head and Neck cancer | p19INK4D [174] |
| VK2 | Liver cancer | Not known |
| Ascorbate | Prostate cancer/PC-3 cells | ROS production [175] |
| Piperlongumine | PCa/PC-3 cells | ROS production and Akt/mTOR [176] |
| Curcumin | PCa/22Rv1 | Prodeath [177] |
| Gossypol | PCa xenograft models | Prodeath [178] |