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. 2017 Sep 11;7:11207. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09552-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Possible relationships between a SNP, a CpG site and triglyceride levels. The SNP is assumed to act on the methylation levels at the CpG site: (a) The SNP can cause variation independently in the level of methylation and triglycerides (common cause); (b) The CpG site can be on the pathway between the SNP and triglyceride levels. In this case, the SNP is expected to be associated with triglyceride levels; (c) The methylation change can be the consequence of the triglyceride levels variation (reverse causation). Reverse causation can be inferred with a genetic variant (SNPtg) associated with triglyceride levels.