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. 2017 Sep 11;7:11218. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10125-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of cinaciguat on kidney histology and proteinuria in diabetic rats. (a,b) Representative photomicrographs of PAS stained kidneys (400x magnification) show normal glomerular structure in both Co and Co-Cin controls, mesangial expansion and glomerular hypertrophy in DM and almost normal structure in DM-Cin groups (scale bar represents 50 μm). (c,d) Glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage index scores of each group are shown. (e) The extent of proteinuria was determined by urinary protein/creatinine ratio (mg protein/mg creatinine), showing significant proteinuria in DM that was reduced in DM-Cin rats. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 8–10/group). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test).