Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by hearing loss categories.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 11196) | Hearing loss (N = 6888) | No hearing loss (N = 4308) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year, mean ± SD) | 67.09 ± 7.38 | 69.31 ± 6.93 | 63.55 ± 6.67 | <0.001 |
| Age | <0.001 | |||
| <60 | 1780(15.9) | 538(7.8) | 1242(28.8) | |
| 60 ~ <70 | 5505(49.2) | 3189(46.3) | 2316(53.8) | |
| ≥70 | 3911(34.9) | 3161(45.9) | 750(17.4) | |
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 5060(45.2) | 3691(53.6) | 1369(31.8) | |
| Female | 6136(54.8) | 3197(46.4) | 2939(68.2) | |
| Race | 0.024 | |||
| Han | 11025(98.5) | 6797(98.7) | 4228(98.1) | |
| Others | 171(1.5) | 91(1.3) | 80(1.9) | |
| Shift work | 0.301 | |||
| No | 6184(55.2) | 3831(55.6) | 2353(54.6) | |
| Yes | 5012(44.8) | 3057(44.4) | 1955(45.4) | |
| Drinking status | <0.001 | |||
| Nondrinkers | 7837(70.0) | 4628(67.2) | 3209(74.5) | |
| Ex-drinkers | 743(6.6) | 546(7.9) | 197(4.6) | |
| Current drinkers | 2616(23.4) | 1714(24.9) | 902(20.9) | |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3457(30.9) | 1856(27.0) | 1601(37.2) | |
| Yes | 7739(69.1) | 5032(73.0) | 2707(62.8) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.001 | |||
| No | 9437(84.3) | 5743(83.4) | 3694(85.8) | |
| Yes | 1759(15.7) | 1145(16.6) | 614(14.2) | |
| Coronary heart disease | <0.001 | |||
| No | 9166(81.9) | 5469(79.4) | 3697(85.8) | |
| Yes | 2030(18.1) | 1419(20.6) | 611(14.2) | |
| Myocardial infarction | <0.001 | |||
| No | 10800(96.5) | 6582(95.6) | 4218(97.9) | |
| Yes | 396(3.5) | 306(4.4) | 90(2.1) | |
| Stroke | <0.001 | |||
| No | 10667(95.3) | 6497(94.3) | 4170(96.8) | |
| Yes | 529(4.7) | 391(5.7) | 138(3.2) | |
| Ototoxicity medicine | 0.55 | |||
| No | 8426(75.3) | 5197(75.5) | 3229(75.0) | |
| Yes | 2770(24.7) | 1691(24.5) | 1079(25.0) | |
| Occupational noise exposure | <0.001 | |||
| No | 7305(65.3) | 4463(64.8) | 2842(66.0) | |
| 1≤ year <10 | 944(8.4) | 507(7.4) | 437(10.1) | |
| 10≤ year <20 | 1150(10.3) | 685(9.9) | 465(10.8) | |
| year ≥ 20 | 1797(16.0) | 1233(17.9) | 564(13.1) | |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | |||
| Nonsmokers | 7484(66.9) | 4171(60.6) | 3313(76.9) | |
| Ex-smokers | 2063(18.4) | 1481(21.5) | 582(13.5) | |
| Current smokers | 1649(14.7) | 1236(17.9) | 413(9.6) | |
| Pack-years of smoking* | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 7484(69.9) | 4171(63.8) | 3313(79.6) | |
| 0 ~ <25 | 1501(14.0) | 1083(16.5) | 418(10.1) | |
| ≥25 | 1717(16.1) | 1288(19.7) | 429(10.3) |
*A total of 494 cases for missing data, and 346 for hearing loss.