Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% CIs) of hearing loss by combined categories of occupational noise exposure and pack-years of smoking.
| Pack-years of smoking# | Occupational noise exposure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 1 ≤ year <10 | 10 ≤ year <20 | year ≥ 20 | |||||
| N | OR (95%CI) | N | OR (95%CI) | N | OR (95%CI) | N | OR (95%CI) | |
| Total * | ||||||||
| 0 | 5021 | ref | 673 | 0.92(0.77–1.09) | 835 | 1.17(0.99–1.37) | 955 | 1.32(1.13–1.54) |
| 0 ~ <25 | 945 | 1.24(1.03–1.49) | 106 | 0.91(0.59–1.41) | 127 | 1.25(0.82–1.92) | 323 | 2.13(1.62–2.79) |
| ≥25 | 1021 | 1.36(1.13–1.63) | 125 | 1.71(1.10–2.67) | 155 | 1.43(0.96–2.11) | 416 | 2.41(1.78–3.28) |
| Sex † | ||||||||
| Male | ||||||||
| 0 | 1029 | ref | 126 | 0.78(0.52–1.17) | 135 | 1.35(0.87–2.08) | 310 | 1.79(1.30–2.45) |
| 0 ~ <25 | 861 | 1.23(0.99–1.52) | 95 | 0.87(0.55–1.38) | 111 | 1.26(0.80–2.00) | 305 | 2.15(1.61–2.86) |
| ≥25 | 978 | 1.39(1.13–1.71) | 125 | 1.71(1.09–2.68) | 151 | 1.44(0.96–2.15) | 412 | 2.42(1.74–3.37) |
| Female | ||||||||
| 0 | 3992 | ref | 547 | 0.96(0.79–1.17) | 700 | 1.15(0.96–1.37) | 645 | 1.20(1.00–1.44) |
| 0~ <25 | 84 | 1.60(0.97–2.65) | 11 | 1.55(0.33–7.24) | 16 | 1.13(0.34–3.71) | 18 | 2.07(0.70–6.11) |
| ≥25 | 43 | 1.47(0.69–3.13) | — | — | 4 | 0.86(0.08–9.30) | 4 | 2.07(0.17–25.41) |
| Age Group, y ‡ | ||||||||
| <60 | ||||||||
| 0 | 959 | ref | 197 | 1.03(0.73–1.44) | 228 | 0.87(0.62–1.20) | 226 | 1.03(0.75–1.42) |
| 0 ~ <25 | 48 | 2.38(1.21–4.68) | 14 | 0.39(0.08–1.92) | 12 | 2.41(0.67–8.62) | 14 | 3.06(0.99–9.50) |
| ≥25 | 28 | 0.67(0.24–1.89) | 8 | 4.70(1.19–17.35) | 12 | 1.38(0.37–5.15) | 10 | 2.81(0.74–10.67) |
| 60 ~ <70 | ||||||||
| 0 | 2328 | ref | 329 | 0.75(0.60–0.95) | 378 | 1.31(1.05–1.64) | 482 | 1.21(0.99–1.48) |
| 0 ~ <25 | 482 | 1.15(0.90–1.47) | 54 | 0.59(0.34–1.03) | 55 | 0.82(0.47–1.45) | 207 | 1.86(1.34–2.58) |
| ≥25 | 524 | 1.19(0.93–1.52) | 74 | 1.19(0.71–1.99) | 82 | 1.16(0.71–1.90) | 266 | 1.96(1.36–2.81) |
| ≥70 | ||||||||
| 0 | 1734 | ref | 147 | 1.08(0.71–1.64) | 229 | 1.08(0.77–1.52) | 247 | 1.68(1.15–2.45) |
| 0~ <25 | 415 | 1.08(0.81–1.45) | 38 | 3.14(0.95–10.33) | 60 | 1.57(0.76–3.26) | 102 | 2.16(1.24–3.74) |
| ≥25 | 469 | 1.47(1.09–1.99) | 43 | 2.02(0.78–5.24) | 61 | 1.41(0.70–2.84) | 140 | 2.76(1.36–5.60) |
*Adjusted for sex, age, race, shift work, drinking status, hypertension, ototoxicity medicine, chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke).
†Adjusted for age, race, shift work, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, ototoxicity medicine, chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke).
‡Adjusted for sex, race, shift work, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, ototoxicity medicine, chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke).
#The sample sizes vary slightly because of missing data.