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. 2017 Sep 11;7:11073. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11456-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Phylogenetic analysis of CSPs. Species abbreviations: Cfor, Cylas formicarius; Tcas, Tribolium castaneum; Ityp, Ips typographus; Dpon, Dendroctonus ponderosae; Cbow, Colaphellus bowringi; Pstr, Phyllotreta striolata. Branch support (circles at the branch nodes) was estimated using an approximate likelihood ratio test based on the scale indicated at the top left. Bars indicate branch lengths in proportion to amino acid substitutions per site. (B) Transcriptional profiles of putative C. formicarius CSPs in different body parts determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Two housekeeping genes, β-actin (Cforβ-actin) and E-cadherin (CforE-cadherin), were used as internal references to test the integrity of each cDNA template. Abbreviations: A: antenna; MP, mouthparts; MG, midgut; T, tarsus; W, wing.