Table 3.

An ethogram of the stress and social behaviours which were recorded, along with operational definitions of each behaviour.

Behaviour	Operational definition
Stress-behaviours
Scratching	The repetitive raking of the skin, with the fingers of the hand or feet7
Affiliative Behaviours
Social-grooming	Grooming/cleaning of the hair on other individual with the hands or mouth7. Used in hygienic contexts, and during the maintenance of social bonds.
Lip-smacking	Lips are pursed, and lower jaw moved rapidly. Often made up of other visual and auditory components (eg. flattening of ears, head-turns, soft grunting34)
Silent-bared-teeth	Both lips retracted to reveal the teeth, often accompanied by a raised scalp and flattened ears. An affiliative signal, but sometimes used as a submissive response to threats7.
Approaches	An individual moves towards a social partner.
Embrace/contact-sitting	An individual sits in contact with the partner, may include grasping of the hair7.
Aggressive Behaviours
Non-contact aggression	Includes aggressive chasing or lunging.
Contact aggression	Includes biting, grabbing, and slapping. Usually following a chase.
Open-mouthed threat	The mouth is half-opened, accompanied by a raised brow and staring. Often includes a rattle vocalisation7.
Displacement	An individual moves towards another individual, whom then subsequently walks away. A reliable cue of dominance7.