Table 2.
Comparison of the maximal pharmacodynamic effects of lisdexamfetamine and D-amphetamine.
| Placebo (mean ± SEM) | Lisdexamfetamine (mean ± SEM) | D-amphetamine (mean ± SEM) | Main effect of drug F2,46 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autonomic effects | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Emax | 131 ± 2.7 | 157 ± 3.1*** | 158 ± 2.8*** | 106.56 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Emax | 79 ± 1.1 | 93 ± 1.7*** | 97 ± 1.8***# | 93.97 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | Emax | 96 ± 1.2 | 114 ± 2.0*** | 116 ± 1.8*** | 111.47 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | Emax | 76 ± 1.5 | 94 ± 3.1*** | 94 ± 3.4*** | 28.42 |
| Rate pressure product (beats mmHg/min | Emax | 9655 ± 236 | 13083 ± 561*** | 13245 ± 603*** | 43.01 |
| Body temperature (°C) | Emax | 37.3 ± 0.07 | 37.7 ± 0.06*** | 37.7 ± 0.07*** | 24.05 |
| Pupil size (mm) | Emax | 6.8 ± 0.09 | 7.4 ± 0.11*** | 7.4 ± 0.10*** | 79.56 |
| Pupil size after light stimulus (mm) | Emax | 5.0 ± 0.08 | 5.8 ± 0.11*** | 5.7 ± 0.11*** | 55.46 |
| Constriction amplitude (mm) | Emin | 1.7 ± 0.04 | 1.5 ± 0.08 | 1.6 ± 0.05 | 5.03 |
| Subjective effects | |||||
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS, %max) | |||||
| Any drug effect | Emax | 5.3 ± 3.1 | 36 ± 4.9*** | 39 ± 4.8*** | 27.31 |
| Good drug effect | Emax | 4.0 ± 2.5 | 42 ± 6.5*** | 49 ± 5.6*** | 36.65 |
| Bad drug effect | Emax | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 5.1 ± 1.9* | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 4.81 |
| Drug liking | Emax | 3.7 ± 2.6 | 48 ± 6.9*** | 51 ± 5.8*** | 37.57 |
| Drug high | Emax | 3.3 ± 2.6 | 29 ± 6.3*** | 36 ± 5.6*** | 16.98 |
| Stimulated | Emax | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 38 ± 6.9*** | 44 ± 5.7*** | 24.97 |
| Alertness | Emax | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 50 ± 7.2*** | 56 ± 6.4*** | 41.31 |
| Content | Emax | 1.1 ± 0.63 | 19 ± 3.0*** | 18 ± 2.9*** | 24.93 |
| Happy | Emax | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 18 ± 2.9*** | 17 ± 2.8*** | 21.77 |
| Closeness to others | Emax | 0.79 ± 0.79 | 15 ± 2.8*** | 15 ± 2.5*** | 19.01 |
| Talkative | Emax | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 23 ± 2.7*** | 21 ± 2.3*** | 39.33 |
| Open | Emax | 0.88 ± 0.79 | 22 ± 2.6*** | 22 ± 2.7*** | 43.55 |
| Concentration | Emax | 0.38 ± 0.27 | 21 ± 3.1*** | 16 ± 2.8*** | 26.97 |
| Trust | Emax | 0.96 ± 0.96 | 15 ± 2.6*** | 17 ± 3.1*** | 21.18 |
| I want to be with others | Emax | 1.3 ± 0.89 | 18 ± 3.6*** | 16 ± 3.1*** | 15.60 |
| Adjective Mood Rating Scale (AMRS score) | |||||
| Well-being | ΔEmax | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.6** | 5.6 ± 0.6*** | 11.48 |
| Extroversion | ΔEmax | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4*** | 3.4 ± 0.4*** | 13.61 |
| Excitability | ΔEmax | 0 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.5** | 2.4 ± 0.4*** | 14.58 |
| Self-confidence | ΔEmax | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.4* | 2.8 ± 0.5** | 6.72 |
| Adverse Effects | |||||
| Acute adverse effects | Δ12 h | -0.3 ± 0.3 | 6.6 ± 1.0*** | 6.7 ± 0.9*** | 29.25 |
| Sub-acute adverse effects | Δ24 h | -0.8 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 1.5*** | 6.9 ± 1.2*** | 26.72 |
Values are mean ± SEM in 24 subjects. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 compared with placebo. #P < 0.05 compared with lisdexamfetamine.