Table 1. Clinical characteristics.
| Variable | All (n=188) | NTUH (n=170) | HGUA (n=18) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.0±12.5 | 56.7±11.3 | 50.0±20.3 | 0.031 |
| Sex (male) | 41 (21.8) | 28 (16.5) | 5 (72.2) | 0.000 |
| BMI | 22.7±3.3 | 22.5±2.8 | 24.8±6.1 | 0.005 |
| History of smoking | 25 (13.3) | 9 (5.3) | 14 (77.8) | 0.000 |
| Preoperative lung function | ||||
| FVC (% of predicted) | 104.9±17.9 | 106.8±16.0 | 82.6±25.2 | 0.005 |
| FEV1 (% of predicted) | 104.2±21.2 | 106.2±19.8 | 80.7±24.5 | 0.003 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 83.4±6.2 | 82.3±3.1 | 94.1±13.9 | 0.018 |
| Tumor size (mm) | 9.7±5.4 | 9.5±5.2 | 12.7±8.0 | 0.269 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.2) | 0 | 0.644 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 5 (2.6) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (22.2) | 0.000 |
| Cardiac diseases | 21 (11.1) | 20 (11.8) | 1 (5.6) | 0.427 |
| Hypertension | 37 (19.7) | 34 (18.1) | 3 (16.7) | 0.735 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (11.2) | 18 (10.6) | 3 (16.7) | 0.436 |
| Extra-thoracic malignancy | 41 (21.8) | 36 (21.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0.519 |
| ASA physical status | ||||
| I | 38 (20.2) | 34 (20.0) | 4 (22.2) | 0.823 |
| II | 109 (58.0) | 100 (58.8) | 9 (50.0) | 0.471 |
| III | 41 (21.8) | 36 (21.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0.519 |
Data are shown as number (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation. NTUH, National Taiwan University Hospital; HGUA, Hospital General Universitario Alicante; BMI, body mass index; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.