Table 3. Operative and anesthetic results.
| Variable | All (n=188) | NTUH (n=170) | HGUA (n=18) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anesthetic induction duration (min) | 13.0±8.2 | 11.05±4.72 | 31.38±10.68 | 0.000 |
| Regional anesthesia | ||||
| Epidural block | 18 (9.6) | 1 (0.6) | 17 (94.4) | 0.000 |
| Intrathoracic intercostal block | 169 (89.9) | 169 (99.4) | 0 | 0.000 |
| Paravertebral block | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (5.6) | 0.002 |
| Vagal nerve block | 170 (90.4) | 170 (100.0) | 0 | 0.000 |
| Preoperative localization | 125 (66.5) | 120 (70.6) | 5 (27.8) | 0.000 |
| Intraoperative frozen section | 135 (80.0) | 129 (75.9) | 6 (33.3) | 0.000 |
| Operating methods | ||||
| Lobectomy + lymphadenectomy | 5 (2.7) | 2 (1.2) | 3 (16.7) | 0.000 |
| Segmentectomy only | 1 (0.5) | 1 (5.9) | 0 | 0.744 |
| Segmentectomy + lymphadenectomy | 8 (4.3) | 8 (4.7) | 0 | 0.347 |
| Pleural biopsy | 2 (1.1) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.6) | 0.051 |
| Wedge resection only | 52 (27.7) | 43 (25.3) | 9 (50.0) | 0.026 |
| Wedge resection + pleurodesis | 5 (2.7) | 0 | 5 (27.8) | 0.000 |
| Wedge resection + lymphadenectomy | 115 (61.2) | 115 (67.6) | 0 | 0.000 |
| Surgical duration (min) | ||||
| Wedge resection only | 63.5 [30–165] | 64 [32–165] | 60 [30–120] | |
| Wedge resection + pleurodesis | 70 [45–75] | NA | 70 [45–75] | |
| Wedge resection + lymphadenectomy | 85 [41–182] | 85 [41–182] | NA | |
| Segmentectomy | 138 | 138 | NA | |
| Segmentectomy + lymphadenectomy | 107.5 [59–144] | 107.5 [59–144] | NA | |
| Lobectomy + lymphadenectomy | 220 [154–285] | 164 [154–174] | 220 [220–285] | |
| Pleural biopsy | 88.5 [87–90] | 87 | 90 | |
| Perioperative PaO2/FiO2 ratio | ||||
| Pre-OLB (n=48) | 428.2±161.4 | 413.1±115.1 | 472.8±252.8 | 0.345 |
| Intra-OLB (n=42)a | 276.0±130.6 | 248.3±105.5 | 357.6±163.6 | 0.014 |
| Perioperative PaCO2 (mmHg) | ||||
| Pre-OLB (n=86) | 46.2±14.1 | 47.4±15.5 | 41.7±4.0 | 0.007 |
| Intra-OLB (n=52) | 50.2±7.2 | 49.7±6.5 | 51.8±9.0 | 0.370 |
| Lowest SpO2 during operation (%) | 96.5±5.4 | 96.8±5.4 | 93.9±4.3 | 0.014 |
| Dissected lymph node | 5 [1–18]b | 5 [1–18] | 4 [3–10] | |
| Blood loss (mL) | Minimal [minimal–330] | Minimal [minimal–100] | Minimal [minimal–330] | |
| Conversion to tracheal intubation | 3 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (11.1) | 0.000 |
| Conversion to multiport approach | 5 (2.7) | 5 (2.9) | 0 | 0.461 |
| Conversion to thoracotomy | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (5.6) | 0.002 |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation, number (percentage) or median [range]. a, intra-OLB PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly lower when compared with pre-OLB PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P<0.001). b, there were 713 dissected lymph nodes in 128 patients. NTUH, National Taiwan University Hospital; HGUA, Hospital General Universitario Alicante; PaO2/FiO2 ratio, ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction; OLB, one-lung breathing; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; SpO2, oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry; EtCO2, end tidal carbon dioxide; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; NA, not available.