Table 5. Multivariate analysis on predictors for conversion to thoracotomy.

Estimated factors	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
Age >65 vs. ≤65 years	4.28	1.14–16.09	0.031
BSA >1.73 vs. ≤1.73 m2	7.17	1.23–41.71	0.028
BMI ≥25.0 vs. <25.0 kg/m2	1.21	0.31–4.75	0.78
COPD	4.77	1.26–18.05	0.021
Tuberculosis	20.57	3.77–112.37	0.001
Preoperative respiratory infection	3.99	0.85–18.84	0.080
Dense pleural adhesion	2.62	1.29–5.34	0.008
Pulmonary fissure status (incomplete vs. complete)	1.23	0.34–4.48	0.76
Tumor invasion (T3-4 vs. T1-2)	5.47	0.96–31.19	0.056

BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.