Table 2.
Variables/NPQ | Low | Medium | High | p Value for trend* | ||||
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |||
Total participants | ||||||||
Age (years) | Ref. | 0.97 | 0.92 to 1.02 | 0.18 | 0.99 | 0.94 to 1.04 | 0.768 | 0.541 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Ref. | 1.01 | 0.93 to 1.10 | 0.80 | 1.01 | 0.92 to 1.10 | 0.901 | 0.868 |
Male | Ref. | 0.60 | 0.35 to 1.03 | 0.06 | 0.36 | 0.20 to 0.64 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Bachelor or more | Ref. | 0.90 | 0.52 to 1.58 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.39 to 1.22 | 0.201 | 0.344 |
Married | Ref. | 0.66 | 0.35 to 1.26 | 0.21 | 1.20 | 0.61 to 2.36 | 0.604 | 0.425 |
Neck injury | Ref. | 7.88 | 0.85 to 73.31 | 0.07 | 9.61 | 1.06 to 87.52 | 0.045 | 0.006 |
Work years ≥5 years | Ref. | 2.01 | 1.04 to 3.88 | 0.04 | 1.76 | 0.88 to 3.53 | 0.110 | 0.088 |
Cold office temperature | Ref. | 1.05 | 0.46 to 2.38 | 0.92 | 1.87 | 0.85 to 4.14 | 0.122 | 0.011 |
Computer displayer not in front | Ref. | 1.41 | 0.84 to 2.35 | 0.19 | 1.99 | 1.17 to 3.40 | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Computer use ≥8 hours/day | Ref. | 1.27 | 0.78 to 2.06 | 0.35 | 1.02 | 0.61 to 1.70 | 0.956 | 0.561 |
Male | ||||||||
Age (years) | Ref. | 1.02 | 0.95 to 1.09 | 0.631 | 0.95 | 0.88 to 1.03 | 0.183 | 0.649 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Ref. | 1.02 | 0.90 to 1.16 | 0.770 | 0.98 | 0.86 to 1.11 | 0.707 | 0.570 |
Bachelor or more | Ref. | 1.51 | 0.62 to 3.66 | 0.360 | 0.62 | 0.25 to 1.56 | 0.313 | 0.539 |
Married | Ref. | 0.52 | 0.19 to 1.43 | 0.206 | 1.02 | 0.34 to 3.06 | 0.974 | 0.574 |
Neck injury | Ref. | 7.51 | 0.74 to 75.67 | 0.087 | 7.98 | 0.67 to 94.35 | 0.100 | 0.013 |
Work years ≥5 years | Ref. | 1.15 | 0.42 to 8.30 | 0.783 | 2.67 | 0.87 to 8.19 | 0.087 | 0.140 |
Cold office temperature | Ref. | 2.02 | 0.49 to 8.30 | 0.332 | 1.12 | 0.21 to 5.86 | 0.898 | 0.791 |
Computer displayer not in front | Ref. | 0.66 | 0.30 to 1.47 | 0.311 | 1.43 | 0.60 to 3.39 | 0.416 | 0.281 |
Computer use ≥8 hours/day | Ref. | 1.24 | 0.59 to 2.60 | 0.573 | 0.53 | 0.22 to 1.30 | 0.168 | 0.078 |
Female† | ||||||||
Age (years) | Ref. | 0.94 | 0.86 to 1.02 | 0.112 | 1.03 | 0.95 to 1.11 | 0.509 | 0.150 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Ref. | 1.01 | 0.90 to 1.13 | 0.889 | 1.03 | 0.91 to 1.16 | 0.673 | 0.420 |
Bachelor or more | Ref. | 0.66 | 0.31 to 1.43 | 0.295 | 0.58 | 0.27 to 1.26 | 0.169 | 0.365 |
Married | Ref. | 0.81 | 0.34 to 1.97 | 0.645 | 1.41 | 0.58 to 3.44 | 0.447 | 0.168 |
Work years ≥5 years | Ref. | 2.71 | 1.05 to 6.96 | 0.039 | 1.52 | 0.59 to 3.93 | 0.385 | 0.378 |
Cold office temperature | Ref. | 0.79 | 0.28 to 2.24 | 0.653 | 2.06 | 0.80 to 5.31 | 0.135 | 0.010 |
Computer displayer not in front | Ref. | 2.59 | 1.26 to 5.34 | 0.010 | 2.94 | 1.41 to 6.11 | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Computer use ≥8 hours/day | Ref. | 1.39 | 0.70 to 2.66 | 0.356 | 1.36 | 0.70 to 2.67 | 0.367 | 0.714 |
*The p values for trend were obtained from multiple linear regression models.
†The variable of neck injury was excluded from the female regression model because there were no participants in the low NPQ tertile.
BMI , body mass index: NPQ, Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire.