Table 3.

Multinomial logistic regression models for correlates of low back pain

Variables/ODI	Low	Medium			High			p Value for trend*
		OR	95% CI	p Value	OR	95% CI	p Value
Total participants
Age (years)	Ref.	0.95	0.90 to 1.00	0.067	1.01	0.96 to 1.06	0.848	0.740
BMI (kg/m2)	Ref.	1.04	0.95 to 1.14	0.377	1.01	0.92 to 1.10	0.858	0.269
Male	Ref.	0.72	0.42 to 1.25	0.239	0.59	0.34 to 1.04	0.066	0.241
Bachelor or more	Ref.	0.77	0.44 to 1.35	0.362	0.64	0.37 to 1.12	0.122	0.626
Married	Ref.	1.65	0.86 to 3.16	0.129	2.08	1.06 to 4.08	0.034	0.000
Low back injury	Ref.	2.12	0.73 to 6.20	0.169	4.36	1.65 to 11.71	0.003	0.000
Work years ≥5 years	Ref.	1.21	0.63 to 2.35	0.568	1.06	0.53 to 2.11	0.871	0.264
Cold office temperature	Ref.	2.43	1.02 to 5.79	0.045	4.17	1.82 to 9.57	0.001	0.000
Computer displayer not in front	Ref.	1.05	0.62 to 1.77	0.867	2.05	1.22 to 3.44	0.007	0.005
Computer use ≥8 hours/day	Ref.	1.23	0.75 to 2.02	0.409	1.04	0.63 to 1.73	0.879	0.312
Male
Age (years)	Ref.	0.91	0.84 to 1.00	0.045	0.98	0.91 to 1.05	0.542	0.838
BMI (kg/m2)	Ref.	1.07	0.92 to 1.24	0.373	0.98	0.86 to 1.12	0.797	0.450
Bachelor or more	Ref.	0.63	0.25 to 1.59	0.326	0.39	0.16 to 0.93	0.034	0.092
Married	Ref.	0.91	0.32 to 2.63	0.863	1.30	0.44 to 3.84	0.633	0.144
Low back injury	Ref.	7.24	1.30 to 40.20	0.024	5.78	1.07 to 31.07	0.041	0.053
Work years ≥5 years	Ref.	2.74	0.95 to 7.86	0.062	2.33	0.78 to 7.00	0.132	0.203
Cold office temperature	Ref.	1.45	0.33 to 6.50	0.624	2.14	0.53 to 8.65	0.286	0.629
Computer displayer not in front	Ref.	0.44	0.18 to 1.09	0.077	1.29	0.57 to 2.92	0.541	0.144
Computer use ≥8 hours/day	Ref.	1.41	0.64 to 3.13	0.394	0.71	0.31 to 1.64	0.425	0.180
Female
Age (years)	Ref.	0.98	0.91 to 1.05	0.501	1.03	0.96 to 1.10	0.438	0.574
BMI (kg/m2)	Ref.	1.03	0.92 to 1.15	0.669	1.03	0.91 to 1.16	0.626	0.476
Bachelor or more	Ref.	0.82	0.39 to 1.72	0.601	0.79	0.37 to 1.68	0.540	0.737
Married	Ref.	3.31	1.34 to 8.16	0.009	3.50	1.39 to 8.81	0.008	0.001
Low back injury	Ref.	0.92	0.19 to 4.60	0.921	4.21	1.18 to 15.04	0.027	0.002
Work years ≥5 years	Ref.	0.61	0.24 to 1.54	0.292	0.57	0.22 to 1.46	0.240	0.594
Cold office temperature	Ref.	2.88	0.92 to 8.98	0.069	5.35	1.79 to 16.03	0.003	0.000
Computer displayer not in front	Ref.	1.93	0.96 to 3.90	0.067	3.22	1.586.54	0.001	0.016
Computer use ≥8 hours/day	Ref.	1.08	0.56 to 2.09	0.816	1.13	0.57 to 2.23	0.732	0.499

*The p values for trend were obtained from multiple linear regression models.

BMI, body mass index; ODI, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index.