Table 3.
Variables/ODI | Low | Medium | High | p Value for trend* | ||||
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |||
Total participants | ||||||||
Age (years) | Ref. | 0.95 | 0.90 to 1.00 | 0.067 | 1.01 | 0.96 to 1.06 | 0.848 | 0.740 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Ref. | 1.04 | 0.95 to 1.14 | 0.377 | 1.01 | 0.92 to 1.10 | 0.858 | 0.269 |
Male | Ref. | 0.72 | 0.42 to 1.25 | 0.239 | 0.59 | 0.34 to 1.04 | 0.066 | 0.241 |
Bachelor or more | Ref. | 0.77 | 0.44 to 1.35 | 0.362 | 0.64 | 0.37 to 1.12 | 0.122 | 0.626 |
Married | Ref. | 1.65 | 0.86 to 3.16 | 0.129 | 2.08 | 1.06 to 4.08 | 0.034 | 0.000 |
Low back injury | Ref. | 2.12 | 0.73 to 6.20 | 0.169 | 4.36 | 1.65 to 11.71 | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Work years ≥5 years | Ref. | 1.21 | 0.63 to 2.35 | 0.568 | 1.06 | 0.53 to 2.11 | 0.871 | 0.264 |
Cold office temperature | Ref. | 2.43 | 1.02 to 5.79 | 0.045 | 4.17 | 1.82 to 9.57 | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Computer displayer not in front | Ref. | 1.05 | 0.62 to 1.77 | 0.867 | 2.05 | 1.22 to 3.44 | 0.007 | 0.005 |
Computer use ≥8 hours/day | Ref. | 1.23 | 0.75 to 2.02 | 0.409 | 1.04 | 0.63 to 1.73 | 0.879 | 0.312 |
Male | ||||||||
Age (years) | Ref. | 0.91 | 0.84 to 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.98 | 0.91 to 1.05 | 0.542 | 0.838 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Ref. | 1.07 | 0.92 to 1.24 | 0.373 | 0.98 | 0.86 to 1.12 | 0.797 | 0.450 |
Bachelor or more | Ref. | 0.63 | 0.25 to 1.59 | 0.326 | 0.39 | 0.16 to 0.93 | 0.034 | 0.092 |
Married | Ref. | 0.91 | 0.32 to 2.63 | 0.863 | 1.30 | 0.44 to 3.84 | 0.633 | 0.144 |
Low back injury | Ref. | 7.24 | 1.30 to 40.20 | 0.024 | 5.78 | 1.07 to 31.07 | 0.041 | 0.053 |
Work years ≥5 years | Ref. | 2.74 | 0.95 to 7.86 | 0.062 | 2.33 | 0.78 to 7.00 | 0.132 | 0.203 |
Cold office temperature | Ref. | 1.45 | 0.33 to 6.50 | 0.624 | 2.14 | 0.53 to 8.65 | 0.286 | 0.629 |
Computer displayer not in front | Ref. | 0.44 | 0.18 to 1.09 | 0.077 | 1.29 | 0.57 to 2.92 | 0.541 | 0.144 |
Computer use ≥8 hours/day | Ref. | 1.41 | 0.64 to 3.13 | 0.394 | 0.71 | 0.31 to 1.64 | 0.425 | 0.180 |
Female | ||||||||
Age (years) | Ref. | 0.98 | 0.91 to 1.05 | 0.501 | 1.03 | 0.96 to 1.10 | 0.438 | 0.574 |
BMI (kg/m2) | Ref. | 1.03 | 0.92 to 1.15 | 0.669 | 1.03 | 0.91 to 1.16 | 0.626 | 0.476 |
Bachelor or more | Ref. | 0.82 | 0.39 to 1.72 | 0.601 | 0.79 | 0.37 to 1.68 | 0.540 | 0.737 |
Married | Ref. | 3.31 | 1.34 to 8.16 | 0.009 | 3.50 | 1.39 to 8.81 | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Low back injury | Ref. | 0.92 | 0.19 to 4.60 | 0.921 | 4.21 | 1.18 to 15.04 | 0.027 | 0.002 |
Work years ≥5 years | Ref. | 0.61 | 0.24 to 1.54 | 0.292 | 0.57 | 0.22 to 1.46 | 0.240 | 0.594 |
Cold office temperature | Ref. | 2.88 | 0.92 to 8.98 | 0.069 | 5.35 | 1.79 to 16.03 | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Computer displayer not in front | Ref. | 1.93 | 0.96 to 3.90 | 0.067 | 3.22 | 1.586.54 | 0.001 | 0.016 |
Computer use ≥8 hours/day | Ref. | 1.08 | 0.56 to 2.09 | 0.816 | 1.13 | 0.57 to 2.23 | 0.732 | 0.499 |
*The p values for trend were obtained from multiple linear regression models.
BMI, body mass index; ODI, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index.