Table 4.
Extracted qualitative data (authors A-F) from the 35 included papers.
| Author | Country | Target demographica | Comparison with control demographic |
| Adam LM (2016) [15] | Canada | 23-40 years, female, <25 miles from center, 8-20 weeks pregnant | No comparison made |
| Admon L (2016) [29] | United States | African American or Hispanic interested in pregnancy | Partly representative; higher proportion of African Americans, high income, pregnancy, and reporting fair or poor health |
| Akard TF (2015) [17] | United States | Parents of children or teenagers | Partly representative; higher proportion of white and female |
| Arcia, A (2014) [18] | United States | 18-44 years, nulliparous, >20 weeks gestation | Partly representative; higher proportion of younger age groups |
| Batterham PJ (2014) [28] stage 1 |
Australia | No other criteria | Partly representative; higher proportion of education, females, young adults, and lower levels of young adolescents |
| Batterham PJ (2014) [28] stage 2 |
Australia | No other criteria | No comparison made |
| Bauermeister JA (2012) [30] | United States | 18-24 years | Partly representative; higher proportion of white ethnicity and tertiary education and lower proportion of cigarette use |
| Bull S (2013) [31] | United States | 15-24 years | Representative |
| Carlini B (2015) [19] | United States | Brazilian and Portuguese speakers | No comparison made |
| Carter-Harris L (2016) [9] | United States | 55-77 years, current or ex-smokers | No comparison made |
| Child RJH (2014) [20] | United States | Emergency nurses | Representative |
| Chu JL (2013) [21] | Canada | 15-24 years, PTSDb | Partly representative; higher proportion of females and younger adults |
| Close S (2013) [22] | United States | Any age, Klinefelter syndrome | Representative |
| Crosier BS (2016) [32] | United States | Self-reports auditory hallucinations | Partly representative; higher proportion females |
| Fenner Y (2012) [33] | Australia | 16-25 years, female | Partly representative; higher proportion of increased BMIc |
| Frandsen TL (2014) [6] | Australia | Smoking >10 cigarettes per day for 3+ years, not enrolled in a cessation trial in the last 3 months | Partly representative; higher proportion of young adults |
| Frandsen M (2016) [10] | Australia | Smokers 10+ per day, 3 years +, no intention to quit next month, >25km from city center | No comparison made |
aAssume all are over 18 years and English speaking unless otherwise stated.
bPTSD post-traumatic stress disorder.
cBMI: body mass index.