Table 1.
Characteristics of study population according to maternal antidepressant use before and during pregnancy. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Unexposed group* (n=854 241) | Antidepressant discontinuation group† (n=30 079) | Continuation group‡ (n=17 560) | New user group§ (n=3503) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) maternal age at delivery, years | 30.2 (4.8) | 30.1 (5.2) | 30.8 (5.2) | 29.4 (5.6) |
| Primiparity | 375 698 (44.0) | 13 560 (45.1) | 7914 (45.1) | 1397 (39.9) |
| Maternal psychiatric history at delivery | 37 410 (4.4) | 9440 (31.4) | 8494 (48.4) | 1168 (33.3) |
| Inpatient psychiatric treatment from 2 years before pregnancy to delivery | 1796 (0.2) | 1296 (4.3) | 1348 (7.7) | 184 (5.3) |
| Outpatient psychiatric treatment from 2 years before pregnancy to delivery | 8939 (1.0) | 4871 (16.2) | 5006 (28.5) | 806 (23.0) |
| Dispensing of other psychotropic prescriptions during pregnancy | 4816 (0.6) | 656 (2.2) | 1140 (6.5) | 468 (13.4) |
| Dispensing of antiepileptic prescriptions during pregnancy | 231 (<0.1) | 34 (0.1) | 75 (0.4) | 21 (0.6) |
| No of non-psychiatric hospital visits during pregnancy: | ||||
| 0-1 | 202 879 (23.7) | 4616 (15.3) | 2577 (14.7) | 515 (14.7) |
| 2-3 | 428 562 (50.2) | 13 349 (44.4) | 7750 (44.1) | 1492 (42.6) |
| ≥4 | 222 800 (26.1) | 12 114 (40.3) | 7233 (41.2) | 1496 (42.7) |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy: | ||||
| Yes | 137 089 (16.0) | 8867 (29.5) | 5325 (30.3) | 1180 (33.7) |
| No | 694 874 (81.3) | 20 431 (67.9) | 11 743 (66.9) | 2224 (63.5) |
| Missing | 22 278 (2.6) | 781 (2.6) | 492 (2.8) | 99 (2.8) |
| Place of residence at delivery: | ||||
| Capital or capital suburb | 254 423 (29.8) | 7262 (24.1) | 4160 (23.7) | 798 (22.8) |
| Provincial city or town | 334 536 (39.2) | 12 600 (41.9) | 7679 (43.7) | 1491 (42.6) |
| Rural areas | 265 173 (31.0) | 10 216 (34.0) | 5719 (32.6) | 1212 (34.6) |
| Missing¶ | 109 (<0.1) | <5 (<0.1) | <5 (<0.1) | <5 (<0.1) |
| Maternal marital status at delivery: | ||||
| Married or cohabiting | 752 769 (88.1) | 23 630 (78.6) | 13 646 (77.7) | 2673 (76.3) |
| Single, divorced, or widowed | 101 472 (11.9) | 6449 (21.4) | 3914 (22.3) | 830 (23.7) |
| Maternal highest education at delivery: | ||||
| Elementary school | 151 931 (17.8) | 9966 (33.1) | 5262 (30.0) | 1337 (38.2) |
| Above elementary school | 671 138 (78.6) | 19 547 (65.0) | 12 001 (68.3) | 1997 (57.0) |
| Missing | 31 172 (3.6) | 566 (1.9) | 297 (1.7) | 169 (4.8) |
| Maternal income status at delivery: | ||||
| Lowest quarter | 141 866 (16.6) | 6534 (21.7) | 4449 (25.3) | 752 (21.5) |
| Above lowest quarter | 712 120 (83.4) | 23 544 (78.3) | 13 110 (74.7) | 2750 (78.5) |
| Missing¶ | 255 (<0.1) | <5 (<0.1) | <5 (<0.1) | <5 (<0.1) |
| Calendar year of delivery: | ||||
| 1998-2002 | 302 651 (35.4) | 5707 (19.0) | 2297 (13.1) | 650 (18.6) |
| 2003-07 | 287 096 (33.6) | 10 578 (35.1) | 5778 (32.9) | 1270 (36.3) |
| 2008-12 | 264 494 (31.0) | 13 794 (45.9) | 9485 (54.0) | 1583 (45.2) |
| Paternal psychiatric history at delivery | 30 257 (3.5) | 2587 (8.6) | 1676 (9.5) | 324 (9.2) |
| Paternal antidepressant use: | ||||
| No antidepressant use | 821 716 (96.2) | 27 034 (89.9) | 15 298 (87.1) | 3083 (88.0) |
| Use before but not during pregnancy | 13 385 (1.6) | 1377 (4.6) | 784 (4.5) | 161 (4.6) |
| Use both before and during pregnancy | 11 984 (1.4) | 1098 (3.7) | 1078 (6.1) | 152 (4.3) |
| Use during but not before pregnancy | 7156 (0.8) | 570 (1.9) | 400 (2.3) | 107 (3.1) |
| Sex of child: | ||||
| Male | 438 176 (51.3) | 15 553 (51.7) | 9070 (51.7) | 1829 (52.2) |
| Female | 416 065 (48.7) | 14 526 (48.3) | 8490 (48.3) | 1674 (47.8) |
*Children whose mothers did not use antidepressant before or during pregnancy.
†Children whose mothers used antidepressants before but not during pregnancy.
‡Children whose mothers used antidepressants both before and during pregnancy.
§Children whose mothers used antidepressants during but not before pregnancy.
¶To comply with Danish regulations aimed at safeguarding anonymity of people included in register based research studies, numbers less than 5 cannot be shown.