Table 2.

Hazard ratios of any psychiatric disorders among children born to mothers with continuous antidepressant use, compared with mothers with discontinuous antidepressant use (n=47 639)

Antidepressant use during pregnancy	Cases	No	Person years	Crude hazard ratio	Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)*
Antidepressant discontinuation group†	1417	30 079	2.2×105	1	1 (reference)
Antidepressant continuation group‡	944	17 560	1.2×105	1.40	1.27 (1.17 to 1.38)
Timing of antidepressant use:
Use in first trimester only	249	3772	3.0×104	1.21	1.16 (1.01 to 1.33)
Use in second or third trimester only	36	575	3.8×103	1.61	1.42 (1.02 to 1.97)
Use in more than one trimester	659	13 213	8.1×104	1.48	1.32 (1.20 to 1.45)
Class of antidepressant use:
SSRI monotherapy	722	13 501	9.0×104	1.36	1.25 (1.14 to 1.37)
Non-SSRI antidepressant monotherapy	119	2610	1.6×104	1.26	1.15 (0.96 to 1.40)
Use both SSRI and non-SSRI antidepressants	103	1449	9.0×103	2.05	1.72 (1.40 to 2.11)
Duration of antidepressant use:
≤90 days	263	4075	3.2×104	1.20	1.15 (1.01 to 1.31)
91–180 days	184	3504	2.3×104	1.32	1.18 (1.01 to 1.38)
≥181 days	497	9981	6.0×104	1.57	1.40 (1.26 to 1.56)
Per 30 day increase	–	–	–	1.03	1.02 (0.99 to 1.06)

SSRI=selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

*Adjusted for maternal age at delivery, primiparity, maternal psychiatric history at delivery, inpatient and outpatient psychiatric treatment from 2 years before pregnancy until delivery, dispensing of other psychotropic prescriptions during pregnancy, dispensing of antiepileptic prescriptions during pregnancy, number of non-psychiatric hospital visits during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, place of residence, marital status, highest education, income, calendar year of delivery, and paternal psychiatric history at time of delivery.

†Children whose mothers used antidepressants before but not during pregnancy; used as comparison group for all comparisons.

‡Children whose mothers used antidepressants both before and during pregnancy.