Table 2.
Prevalence of resistance to antiretroviral agents, Washington DC, 1999–2014
| Transmitted drug resistance (n = 1503) |
Acquired drug resistance (n = 309) |
Cumulative drug resistance (n = 3411) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| NRTIsa | ||||||
| Abacavir | 52 | 3.5 | 59 | 19.1 | 826 | 24.2 |
| Didanosine | 14 | 0.9 | 12 | 3.9 | 158 | 4.6 |
| Emtricitabine | 47 | 3.1 | 63 | 20.4 | 828 | 24.3 |
| Lamivudine | 47 | 3.1 | 63 | 20.4 | 828 | 24.3 |
| Stavudine | 88 | 5.9 | 23 | 7.4 | 582 | 17.1 |
| Tenofovir | 7 | 0.5 | 10 | 3.2 | 98 | 2.9 |
| Zidovudine | 82 | 5.5 | 17 | 5.5 | 524 | 15.4 |
| NNRTIsa | ||||||
| Efavirenz | 151 | 10.0 | 76 | 24.6 | 929 | 27.2 |
| Etravirine | 19 | 1.3 | 11 | 3.6 | 212 | 6.2 |
| Nevirapine | 153 | 10.2 | 74 | 23.9 | 926 | 27.1 |
| Rilpivirine | 42 | 2.8 | 24 | 7.8 | 331 | 9.7 |
| PIsb | ||||||
| Atazanavir | 27 | 1.8 | 10 | 3.2 | 181 | 5.3 |
| Darunavir | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Fosamprenavir | 18 | 1.2 | 5 | 1.6 | 118 | 3.5 |
| Indinavir | 17 | 1.1 | 2 | 0.6 | 175 | 5.1 |
| Lopinavir | 22 | 1.5 | 4 | 1.3 | 166 | 4.9 |
| Nelfinavir | 29 | 1.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 247 | 7.2 |
| Saquinavir | 25 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.3 | 195 | 5.7 |
| Tipranavir | 13 | 0.9 | 3 | 1.0 | 117 | 3.4 |
| EIsa,c | ||||||
| Enfuvirtide | 17 | 1.1 | 3 | 1.0 | 52 | 1.5 |
| INSTIsa | ||||||
| Dolutegravir | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.1 |
| Elvitegravir | 14 | 0.9 | 2 | 0.6 | 45 | 1.3 |
| Raltegravir | 9 | 0.6 | 5 | 1.6 | 50 | 1.5 |
| Any ARV | 308 | 20.5 | 125 | 40.5 | 1538 | 45.1 |
| Any NRTI | 118 | 7.9 | 71 | 23.0 | 1013 | 29.7 |
| Any NNRTI | 176 | 11.7 | 81 | 26.2 | 998 | 29.3 |
| Any PI | 86 | 5.7 | 19 | 6.1 | 498 | 14.6 |
| Any EI | 17 | 1.1 | 3 | 1.0 | 52 | 1.5 |
| Any INSTI | 14 | 0.9 | 6 | 1.9 | 60 | 1.8 |
| Any 2 classes | 67 | 4.5 | 42 | 13.6 | 582 | 17.1 |
| Any 3 classes | 18 | 1.2 | 5 | 1.6 | 228 | 6.7 |
| Any 4 classes | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.3 | 15 | 0.4 |
NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; EI, entry/fusion inhibitor; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor
aInterpreted using 2014 International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS) HIV-1 drug mutations classification
bInterpreted using 2014 IAS classification and 2014 Stanford HIVDB genotypic resistance interpretation algorithm
cThe 2014 IAS classification did not include maraviroc