Table 1.
Subject characteristics at baseline survey
| n = cases/referents | Cases | 95% CI | Referents | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age years | 152/304 | 50.9 | 48.8–53.0 | 50.9 | 49.4–52.4 | Matched |
| Female gender, % | 152/304 | 62.5 | 54.6–69.8 | 62.5 | 56.9–67.8 | Matched |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 118/233 | 27.1 | 26.2–28.1 | 26.1 | 25.6–26.6 | 0.05 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 82/157 | 5.5 | 5.2–5.8 | 5.4 | 5.3–5.6 | 0.41 |
| Postload glucose, mmol/L | 74/148 | 6.9 | 6.4–7.4 | 6.4 | 6.1–6.7 | 0.09 |
| Reduced glucose tolerance, % | 81/153 | 35.8 | 25.1–46.5 | 24.2 | 17.3–31.0 | 0.07 |
| Daily smoker, % # | 116/232 | 33.6 | 24.9–42.4 | 31.5 | 25.4–37.5 | Matched |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 84/160 | 135 | 130–140 | 132 | 129–135 | 0.28 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 84/160 | 82 | 80–85 | 82 | 80–83 | 0.60 |
| Hypertension, % | 84/160 | 56.0 | 45.1–66.8 | 43.1 | 35.4–50.9 | 0.06 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L¤ | 84/157 | 5.6 | 5.4–5.8 | 5.9 | 5.7–6.0 | 0.05 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L¤ | 26/59 | 1.17 | 0.89–1.54 | 1.1 | 1.00–1.2 | 0.60 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L¤ | 60/135 | 1.4 | 1.2–1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3–1.4 | 0.52 |
Values reported are means (¤geometric means) or percentages (%) with 95% CI. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP > 90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive treatment. Reduced glucose tolerance included any of IFG, OGT or DM
Abbreviations: DM diabetes mellitus, IFG impaired fasting glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance (see text for definitions of DM, IFG and IGT), HDL high density lipoprotein, BP blood pressure